What do systematic reviews say?

Vitamin E + vitamin C vs placebo

Vitamin C and vitamin E showed no clear difference in any adverse effects of vitamin supplementation sufficient to stop… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.39, 3.41]
  1 study · 739 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) showed no clear difference in maternal mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.01 [0.44, 2.21]
  1 study · 8577 participants
  Moderate

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) showed no clear difference in maternal adverse effects after administration: abdominal pain compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.28 [0.95, 1.73]
  1 study · 786 participants
  Low

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 837 participants
  Low

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) showed no clear difference in infant mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.77, 1.52]
  5 studies · 6090 participants
  Low

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) changes infant morbidity (gastroenteritis) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6.03 [0.3, 121.82]
  1 study · 84 participants
  Very low

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) vs placebo or no treatment

Vitamin A supplementation (200,000 to 400,000 IU) showed no clear difference in infant adverse effects: bulging fontanelle compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.61, 6.55]
  1 study · 444 participants
  Low

Nitric oxide donors vs placebo

Nitric oxide donors showed no clear difference in vaginal delivery not achieved in 24 hours compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.83, 1.15]
  1 study · 238 participants
  Low

Nitric oxide donors vs placebo

Nitric oxide donors showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.62]
  2 studies · 300 participants
  Low

Nitric oxide donors vs placebo

Nitric oxide donors showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11]
  9 studies · 2624 participants
  Moderate

Nitric oxide donors vs placebo

Nitric oxide donors showed no clear difference in serious neonatal morbidity/perinatal death compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [0.08, 33.26]
  2 studies · 1712 participants
  Low

Nitric oxide donors vs placebo

• Nitric oxide donors for cervical ripening and induction of labour 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1362 participants
  GRADE not reported

Acupuncture vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether acupuncture changes quality of life: anxiodepressive symptomatology compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.73, 1.4]
  1 study · 36 participants
  Very low

Pyridoxine vs placebo

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 92 participants
  Moderate

Pyridoxine vs placebo

Pyridoxine showed no clear difference in interventions side effects: dizziness compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.67 [0.85, 3.26]
  1 study · 66 participants
  Low

Pyridoxine vs placebo

Pyridoxine showed no clear difference in interventions side effects: headaches compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.52, 3.42]
  1 study · 66 participants
  Low

Pyridoxine vs placebo

Pyridoxine showed no clear difference in interventions side effects: diarrhoea compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3 [0.13, 71.07]
  1 study · 66 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pyridoxine vs placebo

Pyridoxine showed no clear difference in interventions side effects: palpitations compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.22, 4.6]
  1 study · 66 participants
  Low

Pyridoxine vs placebo

Pyridoxine showed no clear difference in interventions side effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.49, 1.38]
  1 study · 66 participants
  Low