Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

472 questions · 487 findings · 38 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 153 · 31.4%GRADE not reported 18 · 3.7%Very low 184 · 37.8%Low 88 · 18.1%Moderate 42 · 8.6%High 2 · 0.4%

Resistance training vs usual care

Activity Gross motor function · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 164 participants
Low
Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 85 participants
Low

Resistance training vs usual care

Activity Gait speed · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 185 participants
Low
Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 84 participants
Low

Resistance training vs usual care

Participation · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 127 participants
Low

Mixed training vs usual care

Activity Gross motor function · children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 163 participants
Low

Resistance training vs aerobic exercise training

Activity Gross motor function · children with cerebral palsy

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise interventions for cerebral palsy 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 56 participants
Low

Donepezil vs placebo

Cognitive abilities (Severe Impairment Battery; SIB) · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 165 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Carer stress · people with Down syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Memantine vs placebo

Institutional/home care · people with Down syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Memantine vs placebo

Death · people with Down syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Donepezil vs placebo

Behavioural problems: overall · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 157 participants
Low

Donepezil vs placebo

Adverse events · people with Down syndrome

Comparison 1: donepezil may leads to lower adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.32 [0.16, 0.62]
4 studies · 192 participants
Low

Donepezil vs placebo

Carer stress · people with Down syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Donepezil vs placebo

Institutional/home care · people with Down syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Donepezil vs placebo

Death · people with Down syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Memantine vs placebo

Secondary outcome measure: cognitive abilities at the end of · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 184 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Behavioural problems: overall · people with Down syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 186 participants
Low

Memantine vs placebo

Adverse events · people with Down syndrome

Comparison 2: memantine showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for cognitive decline in people with Down syndrome 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.45 [0.18, 1.17]
2 studies · 211 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Symptom Level: Communication Various measures, including: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Conversation Skills Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) (level of eye‐contact) · People with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Symptom Level: Social Interaction Various measures, including: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scale (CSBS) Early Social Communication Scales (ESCS) PDD‐BI social approach subscale Precursors of J... · People with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

General Communication Ability (e.g. vocabulary) Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) Reynell Developmental Language Scales · People with autism spectrum disorder

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions based on the Theory of Mind cognitive model for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
71 participants
Very low