Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

518 questions · 558 findings · 63 reviews

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No studies found 77 · 13.8%GRADE not reported 143 · 25.6%Very low 89 · 15.9%Low 137 · 24.6%Moderate 95 · 17%High 17 · 3%

Vitamin D vs placebo

Serious adverse events · premenopausal women (age 18–32.7 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo

Total hip BMD · premenopausal women (age 18–32.7 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs placebo

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · premenopausal women (age 18–32.7 years)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CCBs vs diuretics

All‐cause mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with diuretic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.04]
5 studies · 35057 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs beta‐blocker

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to lower cardiovascular mortality compared with β‐blocker (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.81, 0.99]
4 studies · 44825 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

All‐cause mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.03]
7 studies · 27999 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Myocardial infarction · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.97, 1.14]
7 studies · 27999 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Stroke · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to lower stroke compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.81, 0.99]
7 studies · 27999 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Congestive heart failure · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to higher congestive heart failure compared with ACE inhibitor (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1.06, 1.28]
5 studies · 25276 participants
Low

CCBs vs ACE inhibitor

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with ACE inhibitor (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.89, 1.07]
6 studies · 27619 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs ARB

All‐cause mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with ARB (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.92, 1.08]
6 studies · 25611 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs ARB

Myocardial infarction · patients with hypertension

CCBs probably leads to lower myocardial infarction compared with ARB (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.72, 0.94]
6 studies · 25611 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs ARB

Stroke · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in stroke compared with ARB (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.76, 1]
6 studies · 25611 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs ARB

Congestive heart failure · patients with hypertension

CCBs may leads to higher congestive heart failure compared with ARB (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [1.06, 1.36]
5 studies · 23265 participants
Low

CCBs vs diuretics

Myocardial infarction · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with diuretic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.92, 1.08]
5 studies · 34072 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs ARB

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with ARB (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.54, 1.15]
3 studies · 4642 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs diuretics

Stroke · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in stroke compared with diuretic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.84, 1.05]
5 studies · 34072 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs diuretics

Congestive heart failure · patients with hypertension

CCBs probably leads to higher congestive heart failure compared with diuretic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.25, 1.51]
5 studies · 34072 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs diuretics

Cardiovascular mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality compared with diuretic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.93, 1.12]
4 studies · 32721 participants
Moderate

CCBs vs beta‐blocker

All‐cause mortality · patients with hypertension

CCBs showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with β‐blocker (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers versus other classes of drugs for hypertension 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.88, 1]
4 studies · 44825 participants
Moderate