What do systematic reviews say?

Tiagabine vs placebo control

Tiagabine showed no clear difference in tremor compared with placebo control (low certainty).

• Tiagabine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.56 [1, 20.94]
  1 study · 297 participants
  Low

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)All… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (moderate certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.7, 1.26]
  3 studies · 546 participants
  Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (moderate certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.83 [0.61, 1.13]
  3 studies · 428 participants
  Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine may leads to higher time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (low certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.38 [1.04, 5.47]
  2 studies · 118 participants
  Low

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisationAll participants Range of compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.15 [0.94, 1.4]
  4 studies · 582 participants
  Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: focal onset… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.13 [0.89, 1.43]
  4 studies · 432 participants
  Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisationSubgroup: generalisedonset… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.19 [0.81, 1.75]
  3 studies · 150 participants
  Low

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionAll participants Range of compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1 [0.79, 1.26]
  3 studies · 551 participants
  Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: focal onset seizures… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.06 [0.8, 1.42]
  3 studies · 430 participants
  Moderate

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: generalisedonset tonic… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

• Carbamazepine versus phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: an individual participant data review 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.58, 1.33]
  2 studies · 121 participants
  Low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Fibrinolytics showed no clear difference in mortality. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.16 [0.71, 1.91]
  8 studies · 867 participants
  Moderate

Alteplase vs urokinase

Alteplase showed no clear difference in referral for thoracic surgery (open or thorascopic) compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.46 [0.04, 5.24]
  1 study · 99 participants
  Low

Alteplase vs urokinase

Alteplase may leads to higher serious adverse events compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 5.61 [1.16, 27.11]
  1 study · 99 participants
  Low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Fibrinolytics may leads to lower referral for thoracic surgery. compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.21, 0.68]
  8 studies · 897 participants
  Low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Fibrinolytics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.28 [0.36, 4.57]
  9 studies · 935 participants
  Low

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in mortality compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.32 [0.01, 8.25]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in referral for thoracic surgery (open or thorascopic) compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.13, 7.72]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Streptokinase vs urokinase

Streptokinase showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 5.43 [0.25, 118.96]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

Alteplase vs urokinase

Alteplase showed no clear difference in mortality compared with urokinase (low certainty).

• Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.18, 4.89]
  1 study · 99 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ PEP vs PDPV

• Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 155 participants
  Low