Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

Death · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 4973 participants
Low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

QoL · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Stuttering frequency (% SS) · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 151 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Stuttering severity · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Speech efficiency (syllables per second) · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 46 participants
Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Communication attitudes · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of Findings Table ‐ The Lidcombe Program vs waiting list control

Adverse effects · children aged six years and younger who stutter

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for stuttering in children six years and younger 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

IV iron sucrose vs oral iron

Number of responders · IBD patients

IV iron sucrose showed no clear difference in number of responders ‐ active or inactive disease (6 weeks) compared with oral iron sulphate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [0.95, 1.57]
2 studies · 137 participants
Low

Oral ferric maltol vs oral placebo

Serious adverse events ‐ mild disease to quiescent (up to 52 weeks) · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether oral ferric maltol changes serious adverse events ‐ mild disease to quiescent (up to 52 weeks) compared with oral placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.15, 6.88]
1 study · 128 participants
Very low

Oral ferric maltol vs IV ferric carboxymaltose

Number of responders ‐ disease activity not stated (12 weeks) · IBD patients

Oral ferric maltol showed no clear difference in number of responders ‐ disease activity not stated (12 weeks) compared with IV ferric carboxymaltose (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.65, 1.06]
1 study · 252 participants
Low

Oral ferric maltol vs IV ferric carboxymaltose

Serious adverse events (12 weeks) · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether oral ferric maltol changes serious adverse events (12 weeks) compared with IV ferric carboxymaltose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.95 [0.98, 8.91]
1 study · 252 participants
Very low

IV ferric carboxymaltose vs oral iron

Number of responders ‐ mild to moderate disease (12 weeks) · IBD patients

IV ferric carboxymaltose showed no clear difference in number of responders ‐ mild to moderate disease (16 weeks) compared with oral iron sulphate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.95, 1.43]
1 study · 200 participants
Low

IV ferric carboxymaltose vs oral iron

Serious adverse events ‐ mild to moderate disease (16 weeks) · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether IV ferric carboxymaltose changes serious adverse events ‐ mild to moderate disease (16 weeks) compared with oral iron sulphate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.81 [0.52, 149.07]
1 study · 200 participants
Very low

IV iron isomaltoside vs oral iron

Number of responders · IBD patients

IV iron isomaltoside showed no clear difference in number of responders ‐ remission or mild disease (8 weeks) compared with oral iron sulphate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.93, 1.34]
1 study · 338 participants
Low

IV iron isomaltoside vs oral iron

Serious adverse events ‐ remission or mild disease (8 weeks) · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether IV iron isomaltoside changes serious adverse events ‐ remission or mild disease (8 weeks) compared with oral iron sulphate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.02 [0.51, 31.73]
1 study · 338 participants
Very low

IM erythropoietin vs oral placebo

Number of responders · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether IM erythropoietin changes number of responders ‐ active disease (12 weeks) compared with oral placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.5 [1.44, 8.48]
1 study · 34 participants
Very low

IM erythropoietin vs oral placebo

Serious adverse events · IBD patients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intravenous preparations vs oral preparations

Number of responders · IBD patients

Intravenous preparations may leads to higher number of responders compared with oral preparations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.05, 1.31]
5 studies · 927 participants
Low

IV iron sucrose vs oral iron

Serious adverse events ‐ mild to moderate disease (16 weeks) · IBD patients

It is very uncertain whether IV iron sucrose changes serious adverse events ‐ mild to moderate disease (20 weeks) compared with oral iron sulphate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.07 [0.13, 73.32]
1 study · 91 participants
Very low

Intravenous preparations vs oral preparations

Withdrawals due to adverse events · IBD patients

Intravenous preparations may leads to lower withdrawal due to adverse events compared with oral preparations (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating iron deficiency anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.39 [0.2, 0.74]
5 studies · 927 participants
Low