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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
R‐salbutamol 0.5% topical cream vs placebo Quality of life measure · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
R‐salbutamol 0.5% topical cream vs placebo Relapse · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluocinonide 0.05% vs hydrocortisone 1% At least 50% reduction in erythema · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
R‐salbutamol 0.5% topical cream vs placebo Adverse events of medication, leading to discontinuation or significant morbidity · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Moderate |
Tacrolimus 0.1% cream vs placebo Clearing or excellent improvement · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tacrolimus 0.1% cream vs placebo At least 50% reduction in erythema · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tacrolimus 0.1% cream vs placebo Quality of life measure · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tacrolimus 0.1% cream vs placebo Relapse · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tacrolimus 0.1% cream vs placebo Adverse events of medication, leading to discontinuation or significant morbidity · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Moderate |
Fluocinonide 0.05% vs hydrocortisone 1% Quality of life measure · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluocinonide 0.05% vs hydrocortisone 1% Relapse · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fluocinonide 0.05% vs hydrocortisone 1% Adverse events of medication, leading to discontinuation or significant morbidity · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 78 participants | Moderate |
Acitretin 50 mg daily vs hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily Clearing or excellent improvement (after 8 weeks of treatment) · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Acitretin 50 mg daily vs hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily At least 50% reduction in erythema (after 8 weeks of treatment) · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 49 participants | Low |
Acitretin 50 mg daily vs hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily Quality of life measure · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acitretin 50 mg daily vs hydroxychloroquine 400 mg daily Relapse · people with discoid lupus erythematosus Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Short‐term clinical cure (up to 3 months after start of treatment) (completely cleared short term) · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.92, 1.93] | 4 studies · 850 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Medium‐term clinical cure (after 3 months and up to 6 months after start of treatment) (completely cleared medium term) · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.14] | 2 studies · 702 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Long‐term clinical cure (beyond 6 months after start of treatment) (completely cleared long term) · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.17] | 2 studies · 702 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Short‐term clinical improvement (up to 3 months after start of treatment) · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.89, 1.47] | 4 studies · 850 participants | High |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Any adverse effect · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.88, 1.07] | 3 studies · 827 participants | High |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Application site reactions · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.13, 1.77] | 3 studies · 827 participants | Moderate |
Imiquimod vs vehicle Severe application site reactions · molluscum contagiosum Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum (2017) · Cochrane | RR 4.33 [1.16, 16.19] | 3 studies · 827 participants | Moderate |
Itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) vs placebo Percentage of lesions cured after the end of treatment · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paromomycin ointment vs vehicle Microbiological or histopathological cure of skin lesions · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.88, 1.2] | 2 studies · 383 participants | Very low |
Itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) vs placebo Percentage of participants with complete cure · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.7 [0.35, 38.99] | 3 studies · 244 participants | Very low |
Itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) vs placebo Adverse effects Mild abdominal pain and nausea Adverse effects Mild abnormal liver function · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.36 [0.74, 7.47] | 3 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) vs placebo Speed of healing (time taken to be 'cured') · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Itraconazole (200 mg for 6 to 8 weeks) vs placebo Microbiological or histopathological cure of skin lesions · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 17 [0.47, 612.21] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Paromomycin ointment vs vehicle Percentage of lesions cured after the end of treatment · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Paromomycin ointment vs vehicle Percentage of participants with complete cure · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.86, 1.17] | 2 studies · 383 participants | Very low |
Paromomycin ointment vs vehicle Adverse effects Skin/local reactions · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [0.67, 3.01] | 4 studies · 713 participants | Very low |
Paromomycin ointment vs vehicle Speed of healing (time taken to be 'cured') · patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo Recurrence of cellulitis · People with recurrent erysipelas or cellulitis Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.13, 0.72] | 5 studies · 513 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo Incidence rate of cellulitis · People with recurrent erysipelas or cellulitis Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.22, 0.89] | 4 studies · 473 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo Time to next episode of cellulitis · People with recurrent erysipelas or cellulitis Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis (2017) · Cochrane | HR 0.51 [0.34, 0.78] | 3 studies · 437 participants | Moderate |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo Hospitalisation · People with recurrent erysipelas or cellulitis Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.37, 1.57] | 3 studies · 429 participants | Low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo Any adverse reactions · People with recurrent erysipelas or cellulitis Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.58, 1.3] | 4 studies · 469 participants | Low |
Antibiotic prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo Quality of life · People with recurrent erysipelas or cellulitis Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azole vs terbinafine Clinical cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.72, 0.95] | 15 studies · 2168 participants | Moderate |
Terbinafine vs placebo Quality of life · patients with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azole vs placebo Clinical cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 22.18 [12.63, 38.95] | 9 studies · 3440 participants | High |
Azole vs placebo Mycological cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 5.86 [3.23, 10.62] | 9 studies · 3440 participants | High |
Azole vs placebo Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.97, 1.12] | 9 studies · 3441 participants | Moderate |
Azole vs placebo Recurrence rate · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.29, 1.07] | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Azole vs placebo Quality of life · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Griseofulvin vs azole Clinical cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.45, 1.96] | 5 studies · 222 participants | Moderate |
Griseofulvin vs azole Mycological cure · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.5, 1.51] | 5 studies · 222 participants | Moderate |
Griseofulvin vs azole Adverse events · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.41 [1.56, 3.73] | 2 studies · 143 participants | Moderate |
Griseofulvin vs azole Recurrence rate · participants with confirmed toenail onychomycosis Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 4 [0.26, 61.76] | 1 study · 7 participants | Very low |