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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,353 questions in 210 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 18.4%Ungraded 99 · 4.2%Very low 609 · 25.9%Low 737 · 31.3%Moderate 385 · 16.4%High 91 · 3.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neonatal mortality · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs placebo or no treatment Mortality to discharge · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.52, 1.88] | 4 studies · 178 participants | Low |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Mortality before discharge · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs placebo or no treatment Neurodevelopmental outcomes (18 to 24 months) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.39, 10.29] | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
Opioids vs placebo or no treatment Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs placebo or no treatment Neurodevelopmental outcome (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.56, 4.56] | 1 study · 95 participants | Very low |
Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives Pain (PIPP) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Opioids vs other analgesics and sedatives Duration of mechanical ventilation (days) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Cefazolin plus amikacin vs vancomycin plus amikacin All‐cause mortality maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.29, 1.66] | 1 study · 109 participants | Very low |
Meropenem vs standard care Serious adverse events maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.9, 2.66] | 1 study · 271 participants | Very low |
Meropenem vs standard care Neurological developmental impairment maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.51, 1.48] | 1 study · 271 participants | Very low |
Meropenem vs standard care Necrotising enterocolitis maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.33, 1.42] | 1 study · 271 participants | Very low |
Vancomycin plus gentamicin vs vancomycin plus aztreonam All‐cause mortality maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.2, 2.13] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Vancomycin plus gentamicin vs vancomycin plus aztreonam Serious adverse events maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.2, 2.13] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Vancomycin plus gentamicin vs vancomycin plus aztreonam Necrotising enterocolitis maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 12.69 [0.74, 218.09] | 1 study · 81 participants | Very low |
Cefazolin plus amikacin vs vancomycin plus amikacin Serious adverse events maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.29, 1.66] | 1 study · 109 participants | Very low |
Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid vs flucloxacillin and gentamicin All‐cause mortality maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.82] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid vs flucloxacillin and gentamicin Serious adverse events maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.82] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Cloxacillin plus amikacin vs cefotaxime plus gentamicin All‐cause mortality maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.11, 1.27] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Cloxacillin plus amikacin vs cefotaxime plus gentamicin Serious adverse events maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.17, 1.48] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Cloxacillin plus amikacin vs cefotaxime plus gentamicin Circulatory support maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.17, 1.48] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Cloxacillin plus amikacin vs cefotaxime plus gentamicin Nephrotoxicity maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.05] | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Meropenem vs standard care All‐cause mortality maximum · newborns with late‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for late‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.42 [0.56, 3.62] | 1 study · 271 participants | Very low |
Ampicillin plus gentamicin vs penicillin plus gentamicin All‐cause mortality maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.3, 1.06] | 1 study · 283 participants | Very low |
Piperacillin vs ampicillin plus amikacin All‐cause mortality maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.35, 1.1] | 1 study · 396 participants | Very low |
Piperacillin vs ampicillin plus amikacin Serious adverse events maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.35, 1.1] | 1 study · 396 participants | Very low |
Piperacillin vs ampicillin plus amikacin Nephrotoxicity maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.8, 1.61] | 1 study · 396 participants | Very low |
Ceftazidime vs benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin All‐cause mortality maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Ceftazidime vs benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin Serious adverse events maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Ampicillin plus gentamicin vs penicillin plus gentamicin Serious adverse events maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.21] | 1 study · 283 participants | Very low |
Ampicillin plus gentamicin vs penicillin plus gentamicin Circulatory support maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.21] | 1 study · 283 participants | Very low |
Ampicillin plus gentamicin vs penicillin plus gentamicin Neurological developmental impairment maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.4, 1.61] | 1 study · 283 participants | Very low |
Ampicillin plus gentamicin vs penicillin plus gentamicin Necrotising enterocolitis maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.24 [0.5, 3.05] | 1 study · 283 participants | Very low |
Piperacillin plus tazobactam vs amikacin All‐cause mortality maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.61] | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Piperacillin plus tazobactam vs amikacin Serious adverse events maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.15, 6.41] | 1 study · 59 participants | Very low |
Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid vs piperacillin plus gentamicin All‐cause mortality maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.19, 2.9] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid vs piperacillin plus gentamicin Serious adverse events maximum · neonates with early‐onset sepsis Antibiotic regimens for early‐onset neonatal sepsis (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.19, 2.9] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Carbohydrate supplementation vs control Growth/Weight at day 30 · preterm infants Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Carbohydrate supplementation vs control Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbohydrate supplementation vs control Duration of hospital stay · preterm infants Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Carbohydrate supplementation vs control Feeding Intolerance · preterm infants Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.36, 1.15] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Carbohydrate supplementation vs control Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm infants Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.18 [0.02, 1.3] | 1 study · 75 participants | Very low |
Fat supplementation vs control Growth ‐ weight ‐ weight gain (g/kg/day) · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Fat supplementation vs control Growth ‐ length ‐ length gain (cm/week) · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Fat supplementation vs control Growth ‐ head circumference ‐ head growth (cm/week) · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 14 participants | Very low |
Fat supplementation vs control Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |