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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Benzodiazepines vs placebo Remission · adults with panic disorder Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.61 [1.38, 1.88] | 15 studies · 2907 participants | Low |
Benzodiazepines vs placebo Panic symptoms ‐ endpoint score · adults with panic disorder Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 1489 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines vs placebo Panic symptoms ‐ mean change · adults with panic disorder Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 719 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines vs placebo Number of dropouts due to adverse effects · adults with panic disorder Benzodiazepines versus placebo for panic disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [1.16, 2.15] | 14 studies · 3263 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Specialist inpatient care for weight restoration vs active outpatient or combination brief hospital/outpatient care Weight or BMI (at end of 12 months from the start of treatment) · participants with anorexia nervosa Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 232 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Specialist inpatient care for weight restoration vs active outpatient or combination brief hospital/outpatient care Acceptability: number of participants who completed treatment (at end of 12 months from the start of treatment) · participants with anorexia nervosa Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.64, 0.88] | 3 studies · 319 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Severity of PTSD symptoms · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Severity of PTSD symptoms · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Dyadic adjustment · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Family functioning · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Family member severity of depression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Family member severity of anxiety · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Severity of depression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Severity of anxiety · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Treatment dropout (treatment acceptability) · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.95 [0.29, 3.19] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs other structured or non‐specific intervention Instances of severe aggression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Severity of PTSD symptoms · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Dyadic adjustment · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 100 participants | Very low |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Dyadic adjustment · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Family member severity of depression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Family member severity of anxiety · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Severity of depression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Severity of anxiety · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Family functioning · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Treatment dropout (treatment acceptability) · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | OR 14.13 [0.71, 279.83] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Adjunctive couple or family therapy vs structured or non‐specific individual therapy alone Instances of severe aggression or violence · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Family functioning · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Family member severity of depression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Family member severity of anxiety · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Primary PTSD patient severity of depression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Primary PTSD patient severity of anxiety · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Treatment dropout (treatment acceptability) · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.41 [0.09, 1.95] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Stand‐alone couple or family therapy vs no treatment Instances of severe aggression · post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Couple and family therapies for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Incidence of SAD (SIGH‐SAD score ≥ 20) · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.44, 0.72] | 3 studies · 1100 participants | Moderate |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Overall rate of adverse events · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.97, 1.08] | 3 studies · 1048 participants | Moderate |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Headache · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [1.02, 1.56] | 3 studies · 1048 participants | Moderate |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Insomnia · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [1.1, 1.93] | 3 studies · 1048 participants | Low |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Nausea · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.12, 2.38] | 3 studies · 1048 participants | Low |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Diarrhoea · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.66, 1.64] | 3 studies · 1048 participants | Low |
Bupropion XL vs placebo Discontinuation due to adverse events · adults with a history of SAD who do not fulfil criteria for major depressive disorder Second‐generation antidepressants for preventing seasonal affective disorder in adults (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [0.74, 3.79] | 3 studies · 1048 participants | Low |
Bright white light therapy vs no light therapy Incidence of SAD (SIGH‐SAD score ≥ 20) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.3, 1.38] | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Bright white light therapy vs infrared light therapy Incidence of SAD (SIGH‐SAD score ≥ 20) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.5, 3.28] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Bright white light therapy vs infrared light therapy Incidence of severe SAD (SIGH‐SAD‐SR (≥ 40)) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.07, 15.54] | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Bright white light therapy vs infrared light therapy Overall discontinuation ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.35, 5.13] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Bright white light therapy vs no light therapy Incidence of severe SAD (SIGH‐SAD‐SR (≥ 40)) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.21 [0.03, 1.75] | 1 study · 23 participants | Very low |
Bright white light therapy vs no light therapy Overall discontinuation ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [0.29, 17.27] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Infrared light therapy vs no light therapy Incidence of SAD (SIGH‐SAD score ≥ 20) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.21, 1.17] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Infrared light therapy vs no light therapy Incidence of severe SAD (SIGH‐SAD‐SR (≥ 40)) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.64] | 1 study · 24 participants | Very low |
Infrared light therapy vs no light therapy Overall discontinuation ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.2, 13.98] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Light therapy vs no light therapy Incidence of SAD (SIGH‐SAD score ≥ 20) ( · all participants were known SAD patients who had been successfully treated with conventional light therapy in previous… Light therapy for preventing seasonal affective disorder (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.3, 1.1] | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |