Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

568 questions · 575 findings · 105 reviews

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No studies found 53 · 9.2%GRADE not reported 26 · 4.5%Very low 91 · 15.8%Low 215 · 37.4%Moderate 151 · 26.3%High 39 · 6.8%

Intervention not reported

Oliguria (urine output < 1 mL/kg/hour) · preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus

The intervention probably leads to lower oliguria (urine output < 1 mL/kg/hour) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.28 [0.14, 0.54]
6 studies · 576 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Serum/plasma creatinine levels (μmol/L) · preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus

The intervention showed no clear difference in serum/plasma creatinine levels (μmol/L) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 918 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Failure to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (after 3 doses) · preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus

The intervention showed no clear difference in failure to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (after 3 doses) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm or low birth weight (or both) infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.73, 1.27]
8 studies · 272 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping probably leads to lower death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.54, 0.98]
20 studies · 2680 participants
Moderate

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.29, 2.45]
1 study · 266 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.64, 1.26]
1 study · 266 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.32, 2.31]
1 study · 266 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.66, 1.37]
1 study · 249 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact vs ECC

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care with cord intact showed no clear difference in maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22]
1 study · 254 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [0.93, 4.93]
3 studies · 322 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

It is very uncertain whether DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping changes death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years compared with UCM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.67 [0.78, 3.57]
2 studies · 195 participants
Very low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.63 [0.11, 61.88]
1 study · 58 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

It is very uncertain whether DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping changes intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH, all grades) compared with UCM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.55, 3.17]
2 studies · 125 participants
Very low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Periventricular leukomalacia · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs ECC (subgroup analysis by gestation)

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment in early years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Chronic lung disease · babies born preterm, and their mothers

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping showed no clear difference in chronic lung disease (CLD) ‐ oxygen supplement at 36 weeks… compared with UCM (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.43, 5.48]
2 studies · 125 participants
Low

DCC with immediate neonatal care after cord clamping vs UCM

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

UCM vs ECC

Death of baby (up to discharge) · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in death of baby (up to discharge) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.47, 1.41]
9 studies · 931 participants
Low

UCM vs ECC

Death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 2 to 3 years · babies born preterm, and their mothers

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

UCM vs ECC

Severe intraventricular haemorrhage · babies born preterm, and their mothers

UCM showed no clear difference in severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH grades 3, 4) compared with ECC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.39, 1.45]
6 studies · 618 participants
Low