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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

662 questions · 720 findings · 164 reviews

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No studies found 177 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 126 · 17.5%Very low 144 · 20%Low 139 · 19.3%Moderate 107 · 14.9%High 27 · 3.8%

Tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens vs placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens

Proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( · HIV‐positive pregnant women co‐infected with hepatitis B virus

It is very uncertain whether tenofovir‐based antiviral combination regimens changes proportion of mothers with serious adverse events ( compared with placebo or tenofovir alone or non‐tenofovir‐based antiviral regimens (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone

Surgical site infection · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… probably leads to lower SSI compared with mechanical bowel preparation alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone

Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… probably leads to lower anastomotic leakage compared with mechanical bowel preparation alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with mechanical bowel preparation alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone

Postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in incidence of postoperative ileus compared with mechanical bowel preparation alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in anastomotic leakage compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

All‐cause mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in mortality compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics

Postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery

Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic… showed no clear difference in incidence of postoperative ileus compared with oral antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

Complete resolution of endophthalmitis at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)

It is very uncertain whether combined steroid and antibiotic therapy changes complete resolution of endophthalmitis at 3 months' compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

Visual acuity · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy may leads to higher visual acuity 6/6 to 6/18 at 3 months' compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone

Adverse events at 3 to 12 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)

Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in adverse events at 3 to 12 months' compared with antibiotics alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical prophylaxis vs no topical prophylaxis

Overall mortality ‐ topical plus systemic prophylaxis versus systemic prophylaxis alone · adults receiving mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours

Topical prophylaxis showed no clear difference in overall mortality ‐ topical plus systemic prophylaxis versus… compared with no topical prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review