Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,696 questions · 3,815 findings · 855 reviews

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No studies found 573 · 15%GRADE not reported 374 · 9.8%Very low 993 · 26%Low 1,062 · 27.8%Moderate 614 · 16.1%High 199 · 5.2%

Intra‐arterial delivery vs intravenous delivery

30‐Day mortality · patients with < 30 days' limb ischaemiaa

1 finding from 1 review

Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 78 participants
Low

High‐dose vs low‐dose regimens of thrombolytic agents

30‐Day amputation‐free survival · patients with < 42 days' limb ischaemiaa

1 finding from 1 review

Infusion techniques for peripheral arterial thrombolysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 302 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Presence of PDA on third to fourth day of life (after 72 hours of treatment) · preterm or low birth weight infants with risk of having PDA on day 3 to 4 of life

The intervention probably leads to lower presence of PDA on third to fourth day of life (after 72 hours of… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.39 [0.31, 0.48]
9 studies · 1029 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Presence of PDA on third day of life (72 hours of treatment) · preterm or low birth weight infants with risk of having PDA on day 3 to 4 of life

1 finding from 1 review

Ibuprofen for the prevention of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 827 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Incidence of AAD: Probiotic dose (≥5 billion CFUs of probiotics/day) · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

The intervention probably leads to lower incidence of AAD: Probiotic dose (≥5 billion CFUs of probiotics/day) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.3, 0.46]
20 studies · 4038 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Duration of diarrhea (days) · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 1263 participants
Low

Effects of clinically‐indicated replacement vs routine change of peripheral intravenous catheters

Thrombophlebitis (per device days) (during hospitalisation) · any patient requiring a PIVC expected to remain in‐situ for at least 3 days

Effects of clinically‐indicated replacement showed no clear difference in thrombophlebitis (per device days) (during hospitalisation) compared with routine change of peripheral intravenous catheters (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Clinically‐indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.76, 1.08]
6 studies · 32709 participants
Moderate

Chest physiotherapy vs no chest physiotherapy

Length of hospital stay · children aged from 29 days to 12 years with pneumonia

Chest physiotherapy showed no clear difference in duration of hospital stay (days) ( compared with no chest physiotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chest physiotherapy for pneumonia in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.1
4 studies · 415 participants
Low

Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention vs treatment

In‐hospital and 30‐day mortality · adult surgical patients consuming 3 or more units of alcohol per day

Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention showed no clear difference in in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative alcohol cessation intervention for postoperative complications 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.47 [0.07, 2.96]
3 studies · 122 participants
Low

Other prokinetics vs domperidone

Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement · patients with functional dyspepsia

It is very uncertain whether other prokinetics changes not symptom‐free or no symptoms improvement (itopride 50 three times… compared with domperidone 10mg three times a day (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.07]
7 studies · 1527 participants
Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

The event rate of intensive care delirium within 28 days. · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in the event rate of intensive care delirium within 28 days. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.87, 1.17]
1 study · 1439 participants
Moderate

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

In‐hospital mortality within 28 days. · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

Haloperidol showed no clear difference in in‐hospital mortality within 28 days. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.8, 1.22]
2 studies · 1580 participants
Moderate

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

Number of delirium ‐ and coma‐free days (within 28 days) measured by CAM‐ICU or ICDSC · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1580 participants
Moderate

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

Ventilator‐free days up to day 28 · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1439 participants
High

HALOPERIDOL vs placebo

Duration of ICU stay · critically ill patients 18 years or older demanding mechanical ventilation within the first 72 hours (Page 2013) or anticipated needing…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing intensive care unit delirium in adults 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1580 participants
High

Day care programs combined with playpen provision vs playpen provision

Drowning mortality rate · 9‐ to 47‐month‐old children in LMICs

It is very uncertain whether day care programs combined with playpen provision changes drowning mortality rate compared with playpen provision (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Day care as a strategy for drowning prevention in children under 6 years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.06 [0.02, 0.12]
1 study · 45460 participants
Very low

Day care programs combined with playpen provision vs playpen provision

Drowning morbidity · 9‐ to 47‐month‐old children in LMICs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Day care as a strategy for drowning prevention in children under 6 years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Day care programs combined with playpen provision vs playpen provision

Drowning (fatal and non‐fatal) · 9‐ to 47‐month‐old children in LMICs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Day care as a strategy for drowning prevention in children under 6 years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Day care programs combined with playpen provision vs playpen provision

Unsafe water exposure · 9‐ to 47‐month‐old children in LMICs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Day care as a strategy for drowning prevention in children under 6 years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Day care programs combined with playpen provision vs playpen provision

Incidence of unintentional injury · 9‐ to 47‐month‐old children in LMICs

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Day care as a strategy for drowning prevention in children under 6 years of age in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found