Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,835 questions · 1,886 findings · 74 reviews · Skin

No studies found 542 · 28.7%GRADE not reported 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%

Azelaic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to… compared with tretinoin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs pyruvic acid

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to excellent improvement (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to 8 weeks) · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether salicylic acid changes participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to… compared with pyruvic acid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs pyruvic acid

Withdrawal for any reason (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Salicylic acid showed no clear difference in withdrawal for any reason (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to… compared with pyruvic acid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Salicylic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to… compared with tretinoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nicotinamide vs clindamycin

Withdrawal for any reason (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Nicotinamide showed no clear difference in withdrawal for any reason (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to… compared with clindamycin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review