What do systematic reviews say?

Orthodontic distalising appliance (intraoral or extraoral) vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Number of attendances required to complete treatment was not reported in the studies of this comparison (not reported by any included study across the review).
  0 studies
  No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer incidence compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.44]
  1 study · 191873 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up · High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users)
  RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.19]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Worthington 2001 found no change in reported dental visits over the course of the programmes, with 97% of children at baseline reporting visiting the dentist every 2 years.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Interdental brushing plus toothbrushing vs Toothbrushing alone

It is very uncertain whether interdental brushing plus toothbrushing changes gingivitis (Loe-Silness gingival index, interproximal; scale 0 to 4) compared with toothbrushing alone (very low certainty).

• Interdental brushing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks (1 month)
  MD -0.53 [-0.83, -0.23]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Very low

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-compliance rate not reported ("The remaining secondary outcomes and adverse effects were not reported by these studies").
  0 studies
  No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  Data on quality of life were not reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No other behavioural outcomes (e.g. objective toothbrush tracking or food-wrapper collection) were measured by the four included studies.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Fluoride varnish vs placebo or no treatment

Fluoride varnish showed no clear difference in proportion of children developing one or more new caries (permanent… compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

• Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  At least 1 year
  RR 0.75 [0.53, 1.05]
  5 studies · 3253 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Duration of treatment reported by 2 studies (Altug-Atac 2008, Karacay 2006); not GRADE-rated and not in a SoF table. 3D bimetric distalising arch 3.4 months vs modified Begg intraoral distalising system 6.5 months (MD…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

• Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  15-year follow-up
  Across the four cycles (15 years), the reported sensitivity of the visual examination in detecting oral cancer was 67.4% (188/279). No information on the specificity or the positive predictive value of the programme…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Headgear (extraoral appliance)

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Duration of treatment (to end of molar distalisation) reported by 3 studies (120 participants); not GRADE-rated and not in a SoF table. Bondemark 2005: intraoral appliance with superelastic coils 5.2 months (SD 1) vs…
  3 studies · 120 participants
  GRADE not reported

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in adverse effects (tooth staining, Meckel Stain Score, 6 months) compared with fluoride toothpaste without triclosan; GRADE not reported.

• Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  MD -0.15 [-0.60, 0.30]
  1 study · 325 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interdental brushing plus toothbrushing vs Flossing plus toothbrushing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interdental brushing for the prevention and control of periodontal diseases and dental caries in adults 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Not estimable. No included study assessed quality of life as an outcome. (See comment)
  0 studies
  No studies found

Primary school-based behavioural intervention (both oral hygiene and dietary components) vs No treatment (or delayed treatment)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Primary school‐based behavioural interventions for preventing caries 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No study reported any adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intraoral distalising appliance vs Another (different) intraoral distalising appliance

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Orthodontic treatment for distalising upper first molars in children and adolescents 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Non-compliance rate not reported ("The remaining secondary outcomes and adverse effects were not reported by these studies").
  0 studies
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Physical training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 315 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Physical training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 212 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Physical training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 34 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Physical training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 77 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Physical training for asthma 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 200 participants
  Low