Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,721 questions · 19,640 findings · 2,039 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,754 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 1,273 · 6.5%Very low 4,859 · 24.7%Low 5,568 · 28.4%Moderate 3,240 · 16.5%High 946 · 4.8%

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Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption

Cholesterol mg/dL · Adults without diabetes or CVD

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 763 participants
Low

Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption

LDL‐cholesterol · Adults without diabetes or CVD

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 712 participants
Low

Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption

HDL‐cholesterol · Adults without diabetes or CVD

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 817 participants
Low

Effects of high‐ vs low‐added sugar consumption

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) · Adults without diabetes or CVD

1 finding from 1 review

High versus low‐added sugar consumption for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 720 participants
Low

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

Weight: clinically important change in weight (kg) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo

Weight: clinically important change in BMI (kg/m2) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo

Change in BMI · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 79 participants
Very low

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo

Leaving the study early · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

H2 antagonists showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: for any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.72, 1.57]
2 studies · 189 participants
Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo

Compliance with treatment · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo

Nausea · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

H2 antagonists showed no clear difference in reports of nausea compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.34, 3.68]
1 study · 175 participants
Low

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Weight: clinically important change in weight (kg) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Change in weight (kg) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 103 participants
Low

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Weight: clinically important change in BMI (kg/m2) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Change in BMI · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 103 participants
Low

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Leaving the study early · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

Monoamine modulators showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: for any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.56, 1.94]
3 studies · 115 participants
Low

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

Change in weight (kg) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 131 participants
Low

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Compliance with treatment · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Nausea · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Topiramate vs placebo or no treatment

Weight: clinically important change in weight (kg) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Topiramate vs placebo or no treatment

Change in weight (kg) · people with schizophrenia with antipsychotic‐induced weight gain

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 168 participants
Very low