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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Intervention or exposure

Comparison

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Review versions

1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin

current versions

No studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intervention NR Secondary outcome 6: adverse events (gastrointestinal symptoms) during active treatment Duration of · male and female patients 0 to 55 years of age with physician‐diagnosed eczema Probiotics for treating eczema (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.54 [0.9, 2.63]	7 studies · 402 participants	Low
Oral propranolol vs placebo Clearance, as assessed by a clinician at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	RR 16.61 [4.22, 65.34]	1 study · 156 participants	Moderate
Topical timolol vs placebo Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious cardiovascular adverse events ‐ bradycardia 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 41 participants	Low
Topical timolol vs placebo Other measures of resolution, as assessed by a clinician, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	RR 8.11 [1.09, 60.09]	1 study · 41 participants	Low
Topical timolol vs placebo Proportion of parents who consider their child still has a problem, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical timolol vs placebo Proportion of children who consider they still have a problem, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical timolol vs placebo Aesthetic appearance as assessed by physician, child, or parent, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol Clearance, as assessed by a clinician at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol A subjective measure of improvement, as assessed by the parent or child, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ general adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	RR 7 [0.4, 123.35]	1 study · 26 participants	Very low
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol Other measures of resolution, as assessed by a clinician, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.64, 1.97]	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol Proportion of parents who consider their child still has a problem, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs placebo A subjective measure of improvement, as assessed by the parent or child, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol Proportion of children who consider they still have a problem, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs topical timolol Aesthetic appearance as assessed by physician, child, or parent, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs placebo Adverse events experienced at short or long term ‐ Serious adverse events 24 weeks' · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.05 [0.33, 3.39]	3 studies · 509 participants	Low
Oral propranolol vs placebo Other measures of resolution, as assessed by a clinician, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	MD 45.9	1 study · 40 participants	Moderate
Oral propranolol vs placebo Proportion of parents who consider their child still has a problem, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs placebo Proportion of children who consider they still have a problem, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Oral propranolol vs placebo Aesthetic appearance as assessed by physician, child, or parent, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical timolol vs placebo Clearance, as assessed by a clinician at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Topical timolol vs placebo A subjective measure of improvement, as assessed by the parent or child, at any · infantile haemangiomas (strawberry birthmarks) of the skin Interventions for infantile haemangiomas of the skin (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intervention NR Improvement in acne severity assessed by a decrease in total inflammatory lesion count, measured in participants who were treated for a minimum period of 16 weeks (Changes from baseline in total inflammatory lesion count and number of participants... · participants with moderate and severe acne Oral isotretinoin for acne (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 400 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Frequency of serious adverse effects 20 to 24 weeks · participants with moderate and severe acne Oral isotretinoin for acne (2018) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.12, 72.98]	3 studies · 400 participants	Very low
Intervention NR Improvement in acne severity assessed by physician's global evaluation 20 to 24 weeks · participants with moderate and severe acne Oral isotretinoin for acne (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 351 participants	Low
Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies vs chemotherapy Overall survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.42 [0.37, 0.48]	418 participants	High
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.76 [0.63, 0.92]	502 participants	Moderate
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy Tumour response · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.28 [0.92, 1.77]	1157 participants	Moderate
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy Toxicity (≥ G3) · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.69 [1.19, 2.42]	1142 participants	Moderate
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies with vs without anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies Overall survival · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies with vs without anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies Progression‐free survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.4 [0.35, 0.46]	738 participants	High
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies with vs without anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies Tumour response · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 3.5 [2.07, 5.92]	738 participants	High
Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies with vs without anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies Toxicity (≥ G3) · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.57 [0.85, 2.92]	764 participants	Low
BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy Overall survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.4 [0.28, 0.57]	925 participants	High
BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.27 [0.21, 0.34]	925 participants	High
BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy Tumour response · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 6.78 [4.84, 9.49]	925 participants	High
Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.49 [0.39, 0.61]	957 participants	Moderate
BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy Toxicity (≥ G3) · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.27 [0.48, 3.33]	408 participants	Low
MEK inhibitors vs chemotherapy Overall survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.85 [0.58, 1.25]	496 participants	Low
MEK inhibitors vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.58 [0.42, 0.8]	496 participants	Moderate
MEK inhibitors vs chemotherapy Tumour response · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 2.01 [1.35, 2.99]	496 participants	High
MEK inhibitors vs chemotherapy Toxicity (≥ G3) · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.61 [1.08, 2.41]	91 participants	Moderate
BRAF plus MEK inhibitors vs BRAF inhibitors Overall survival† · people cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.7 [0.59, 0.82]	1784 participants	High
BRAF plus MEK inhibitors vs BRAF inhibitors Progression‐free survival† · people cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.56 [0.44, 0.71]	1784 participants	Moderate
BRAF plus MEK inhibitors vs BRAF inhibitors Tumour response · people cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.32 [1.2, 1.46]	1784 participants	High
BRAF plus MEK inhibitors vs BRAF inhibitors Toxicity (≥ G3) · people cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.01 [0.85, 1.2]	1774 participants	Moderate
Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy Overall survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.6 [0.45, 0.81]	324 participants	Moderate
Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies vs chemotherapy Tumour response · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 3.42 [2.38, 4.92]	1367 participants	High
Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy Progression‐free survival† · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	HR 0.69 [0.52, 0.92]	324 participants	Moderate
Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy Tumour response · people with cutaneous melanoma Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (2018) · Cochrane	RR 1.71 [0.96, 3.03]	324 participants	Moderate