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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,589 questions in 168 reviews · Schizophrenia
current versionsNo studies 601 · 23.2%Ungraded 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs Leaving the study early · schizophrenia or related disorders Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.76, 1.07] | 43 studies · 3137 participants | Low |
Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs Service utilisation: Hospital admission · schizophrenia or related disorders Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.36, 2.55] | 3 studies · 202 participants | Very low |
Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs Service utilisation: Change in hospital status ‐ not reported · schizophrenia or related disorders Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs Adverse events: Serious event or requiring discontinuation · schizophrenia or related disorders Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.65, 1.69] | 30 studies · 2398 participants | Very low |
Combinations of antipsychotic drugs vs single antipsychotic drugs Quality of life · schizophrenia or related disorders Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 398 participants | Ungraded |
HALOPERIDOL vs PLACEBO/NIL Tranquillisation or asleep not asleep at 2 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.82, 0.95] | 2 studies · 220 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE Global outcomes: need for benzodiazepine 2 · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.74, 2.16] | 2 studies · 477 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE Specific behaviours ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE Global outcome: general ‐ no overall improvement · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 8.18 [0.5, 133.66] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE Adverse effect: any serious, specific ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: a. HALOPERIDOL + LEVOMEPROMAZINE Economic outcome ‐ not measured · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not asleep by 3 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [1.11, 3.02] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Repeated need for rapid tranquillisation ‐ needing additional injection during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.87, 1.27] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Specific behaviour ‐ threat or injury to self or others ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Global outcome: no overall improvement ‐ at 30 minutes · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.67 [1.25, 5.68] | 1 study · 45 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Adverse effects: Specific ‐ dystonia (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 8.25 [0.46, 147.45] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Adverse effects: Specific ‐ hypertonia/rigidity (only reported if occurred in ≥9%) during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.74 [0.3, 25.05] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE Adverse effects: any serious, specific ‐ dystonia during 24 hours · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 6.63 [1.52, 28.86] | 2 studies · 477 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: b. HALOPERIDOL + LORAZEPAM Economic outcome ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM Repeated need for tranquillisation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.69, 1.13] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM Specific behaviour ‐ agitation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM Global outcome · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.29 [0.13, 0.61] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM Adverse effects · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.44, 6.36] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: c. HALOPERIDOL + MIDAZOLAM Economic outcome ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Tranquillisation or asleep · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.18, 2.16] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Repeated need for tranquillisation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.43, 1.41] | 2 studies · 376 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Specific behaviours ‐ aggression · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.68, 1.65] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. ARIPIPRAZOLE Economic outcome ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Global outcomes · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.84, 1.76] | 1 study · 316 participants | Moderate |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Adverse effects: specific ‐ acute dystonia · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 19.48 [1.14, 331.92] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Adverse effects: specific ‐ seizure · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [0.19, 22.39] | 1 study · 316 participants | Low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: d. HALOPERIDOL + PROMETHAZINE Economic outcome ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE Specific behaviour ‐ agitation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE Global outcome · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.11, 1.33] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE Adverse effects: specific · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.48, 1.6] | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: e. HALOPERIDOL + RISPERIDONE Economic outcome ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE Tranquillisation or asleep Not tranquil or asleep · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.93 [1.04, 3.6] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Specific behaviour ‐ agitation · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Global outcome · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.38, 2.95] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Adverse effects · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 3.06 [1.62, 5.79] | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: f. OLANZAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Economic outcome ‐ not reported · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Tranquillisation or asleep ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Repeated need for tranquillisation ‐ not reported · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Specific behaviours ‐ agitation at 3 days average endpoint score (PANSS‐EC) · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
HALOPERIDOL vs COMBINATIONS: g. QUETIAPINE + MAGNESIUM VALPROATE Global effect Specific behaviour ‐ agitation ‐ no effect based on PANSS‐EC (< 25% decrease) · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.44, 3.06] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |