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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3,601 questions in 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 20.2%Ungraded 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 1.72] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.39 [0.03, 4.57] | 1 study · 7 participants | Low |
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics vs placebo Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum) · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.38 [0.19, 0.78] | 1 study · 400 participants | Moderate |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.07, 0.23] | 1 study · 400 participants | Moderate |
Acupoint massage vs routine care Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.03 [0, 0.21] | 1 study · 300 participants | Low |
Probiotics vs placebo Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.01] | 2 studies · 335 participants | Low |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Breast abscess within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Nipple damage within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Duration of any breastfeeding · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Breast pain · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs routine care Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics vs placebo Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Low |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.1, 1.34] | 3 studies · 429 participants | Low |
Antibiotics vs usual care or placebo Recurrence of mastitis within 12 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Spontaneous vaginal birth№ of participants: 1022(2 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.69, 1.21] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Caesarean birth№ of participants: 299(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.64, 1.42] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Neonatal infection (up to 28 days)№ of participants: (0 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Admission to NICU№ of participants: 299(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.57, 3.34] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Serious neonatal morbidity or mortality (up to 28 days)№ of participants: (0 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Mothers' experiences (satisfaction with care) (up to 8 weeks) № of participants: (0 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Spontaneous vaginal birth№ of participants: 48(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.54, 1.98] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Uterine hyperstimulation№ of participants: 48(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.03, 6.79] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Caesarean birth№ of participants: 159(2 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.41, 1.01] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Neonatal infection (up to 28 days)№ of participants: 48(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Admission to NICU№ of participants: 159(2 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.07, 1.86] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Uterine hyperstimulation№ of participants: 821(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.4, 3.5] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Serious neonatal morbidity or mortality (up to 28 days)№ of participants: 48(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with balloon or Foley catheter Mothers' experiences (satisfaction with care) (up to 8 weeks)№ of participants: (0 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Caesarean birth№ of participants: 1022(2 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.81, 1.28] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Neonatal infection (up to 28 days)№ of participants: 821(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.59, 2.82] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Admission to NICU№ of participants: 1022(2 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.5, 2.9] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Serious neonatal morbidity or mortality (up to 28 days)№ of participants: (0 RCTs) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Home vs inpatient induction with vaginal PGE Women's experiences (satisfaction with care) (up to 8 weeks)№ of participants: 399(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Spontaneous vaginal birth№ of participants: 299(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.77, 1.14] | NR | Very low |
Home vs inpatient induction with controlled release PGE Uterine hyperstimulation№ of participants: 299(1 RCT) · women having induction of labour at term Home versus inpatient induction of labour for improving birth outcomes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.51, 1.98] | NR | Very low |
Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone Surgical site infection · women undergoing caesarean section Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.99] | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Drape vs no drape Metritis · women undergoing caesarean section Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.29, 9.16] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Drape vs no drape Length of stay (days) · women undergoing caesarean section Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 603 participants | Moderate |