Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

479 questions · 502 findings · 35 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 140 · 27.9%GRADE not reported 24 · 4.8%Very low 139 · 27.7%Low 137 · 27.3%Moderate 51 · 10.2%High 11 · 2.2%

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services

Quality of care · children U5

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services

All‐cause mortality · children U5

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services

Neonatal mortality · children U5

Summary of findings: integrated community case management showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality rate compared with usual facility services (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 1.01 [0.77, 1.33]
65209 participants
Low

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services

Change in Infant Mortality Rate per 1000 live births1 · children U5

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: integrated community case management changes infant mortality rate compared with usual facility services (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.98 [0.72, 1.34]
65209 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services

U5 mortality rate · children U5

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
1.16 [0.99, 1.36]
4729 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services

Adverse events · children U5

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services plus CCM

Any iCCM illness · children U5

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: integrated community case management changes any iCCM illness compared with usual facility services plus CCM (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.59 [0.66, 3.87]
7876 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: integrated community case management vs usual facility services plus CCM

Quality of care · children U5

1 finding from 1 review

Integrated community case management of childhood illness in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Immunisation of children 12 to 24 months old (over a 12 month period) · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Antenatal visits (over the previous 12 months) · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Female use of contraceptives (over a 12 month period) · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Health outcomes · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Mortality in the past year of children younger than 1 year (over a 12 month period) · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Incidence of diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years (over a 12 month period) · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intervention not reported

Economic outcomes · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Individual healthcare expenditures (over a 12 month period) · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects · people who use governmental clinical health services that are contracted out to non‐governmental providers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Contracting out to improve the use of clinical health services and health outcomes in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Quality of care · Private for‐profit providers of healthcare services

1 finding from 1 review

Public stewardship of private for‐profit healthcare providers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 486 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Quality of care · Private for‐profit providers of healthcare services

1 finding from 1 review

Public stewardship of private for‐profit healthcare providers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 115 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of care · Private for‐profit providers of healthcare services

1 finding from 1 review

Public stewardship of private for‐profit healthcare providers in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 379 participants
Low