Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

634 questions · 662 findings · 83 reviews

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No studies found 177 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 97 · 14.7%Very low 182 · 27.5%Low 114 · 17.2%Moderate 66 · 10%High 26 · 3.9%

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Outcomes at end of treatment · adults with tinnitus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Impact of tinnitus on quality of life · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Serious adverse effects · adults with tinnitus

CBT showed no clear difference in serious adverse effects compared with TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.04, 4.64]
1 study · 42 participants
Low

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Depression · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Anxiety · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Health‐related quality of life · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

CBT vs TRT (directive counselling and bilateral masking)

Other adverse effects · adults with tinnitus

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Midline vs lateral insertion

Peritonitis · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Midline showed no clear difference in peritonitis compared with lateral insertion (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.32, 1.33]
2 studies · 120 participants
Moderate

Midline vs lateral insertion

Exit‐site/tunnel infection · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Midline showed no clear difference in exit‐site/tunnel infection compared with lateral insertion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.12, 2.58]
2 studies · 120 participants
Low

Midline vs lateral insertion

Catheter removal or replacement · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

It is very uncertain whether midline changes catheter removal or replacement compared with lateral insertion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.57 [0.33, 0.98]
1 study · 83 participants
Very low

Midline vs lateral insertion

Death (all causes) · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

It is very uncertain whether midline changes death (all causes) compared with lateral insertion (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Catheter type, placement and insertion techniques for preventing catheter‐related infections in chronic peritoneal… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.5 [0.5, 143.32]
1 study · 37 participants
Very low

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Visual acuity · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…

2 findings from 1 review

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 552 participants
Moderate
Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 483 participants
Moderate

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Adherence · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 588 participants
Moderate

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Ocular alignment (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 24 months, or cessation of treatment) and by the proportions of participants who developed strabismus, showed chang... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 888 participants
Moderate

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Stereo acuity (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks, 6 months, 2 years, or at cessation of treatment) and using different measures (TNO stereo test, Titmus fly test, Rando... · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 865 participants
Moderate

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Quality of life (different measures and time points reported in the included studies) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 6 months) by patient preference or the Amblyopia Treatment Index questionnaire. · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 256 participants
Moderate

Conventional occlusion vs atropine penalization

Adverse events (reported occurrence of: mild reduction in the visual acuity of the sound eye not requiring treatment; light sensitivity; skin, lid, or conjunctival irritation) Assessed at different time points (17 weeks or 2 years). · Participants of any age with either unilateral strabismic, anisometropic, or mixed (strabismic‐refractive) amblyopia; deprivation…

1 finding from 1 review

Conventional occlusion versus pharmacologic penalization for amblyopia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 612 participants
High

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis vs Orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy)

Long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…

It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes long-term skeletal relapse/stability (horizontal movement of A-point) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate patients 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
5 years (long-term)
MD 4.80 [0.41, 9.19]
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis vs Orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy)

Speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) · Adolescents or adults (15 years or older) with an established diagnosis of complete cleft lip and alveolar process, or complete unilateral…

It is very uncertain whether maxillary distraction osteogenesis changes speech: resonance (hypernasality) (deterioration/improvement) compared with orthognathic surgery (conventional Le Fort I osteotomy) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis versus orthognathic surgery for cleft lip and palate patients 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
17 months (mean)
RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.85]
1 study · 22 participants
Very low