What do systematic reviews say?

Nurse‐led vs doctor‐led POA

• Nurse‐led versus doctor‐led preoperative assessment for elective surgical patients requiring regional or general… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes mortality compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.57, 1.06]
  11 studies · 2152 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes pneumonia compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.45, 1.31]
  6 studies · 761 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes myocardial infarction compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.22, 3.65]
  4 studies · 559 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes cerebrovascular accident compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.48 [0.46, 4.83]
  6 studies · 729 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes acute confusional state compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.85 [0.51, 1.4]
  6 studies · 624 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes deep vein thrombosis compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.41, 0.78]
  2 studies · 116 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial block changes return of patient to their own home compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.61, 1.16]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether PEEP changes postoperative mortality compared with zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation (very low certainty).

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97
  6 studies · 268 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 80 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

It is very uncertain whether PEEP changes pneumonia compared with zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation (very low certainty).

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4
  3 studies · 120 participants
  Very low

PEEP vs zero end‐expiratory pressure (ZEEP) during mechanical ventilation

• Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 88 participants
  Very low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

Neuraxial showed no clear difference in mortality－At any time compared with general anaesthesia (low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.89 [0.38, 2.07]
  4 studies · 696 participants
  Low

Neuraxial vs general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether neuraxial changes pneumonia compared with general anaesthesia (very low certainty).

• Neuraxial anaesthesia for lower‐limb revascularization 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.37 [0.15, 0.89]
  2 studies · 201 participants
  Very low

Other GA/adjunct vs sevoflurane anaesthesia

Other GA/adjunct leads to lower emergence agitation—Propofol induction and maintenance compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia (high certainty).

• Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.35 [0.25, 0.51]
  14 studies · 1098 participants
  High

Other GA/adjunct vs sevoflurane anaesthesia

Other GA/adjunct leads to lower emergence agitation—Dexmedetomidine compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia (high certainty).

• Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.29, 0.47]
  12 studies · 851 participants
  High

Other GA/adjunct vs sevoflurane anaesthesia

Other GA/adjunct leads to lower emergence agitation—Fentanyl compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia (high certainty).

• Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.27, 0.5]
  15 studies · 1247 participants
  High

Other GA/adjunct vs sevoflurane anaesthesia

Other GA/adjunct leads to lower emergence agitation—Clonidine compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia (high certainty).

• Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.45 [0.31, 0.66]
  9 studies · 739 participants
  High

Other GA/adjunct vs sevoflurane anaesthesia

Other GA/adjunct leads to lower emergence agitation—Halothane compared with sevoflurane anaesthesia (high certainty).

• Effects of sevoflurane versus other general anaesthesia on emergence agitation in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.41, 0.63]
  34 studies · 3534 participants
  High