What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Interventions for increasing solid organ donor registration 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 3572 participants
  Low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 112 participants
  Very low
• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 112 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 286 participants
  Very low
• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 286 participants
  Very low

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

It is very uncertain whether pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods changes quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ immunisation rates for… compared with existing payment methods (very low certainty).

• Payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.34
  1 study · 54 participants
  Very low

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods vs existing payment methods

Pay for performance (P4P) plus existing payment methods may leads to higher quantity of service provision (continuous) ‐ number of detailed… compared with existing payment methods (low certainty).

• Payment methods for healthcare providers working in outpatient healthcare settings 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 1.24 [0.93, 1.54]
  1 study · 200 participants
  Low

Salbutamol vs placebo/no treatment

It is very uncertain whether salbutamol changes need for continuous positive airway pressure (yes/no) compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

• Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.38, 1.39]
  1 study · 46 participants
  Very low

Salbutamol vs placebo/no treatment

• Salbutamol for transient tachypnea of the newborn 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 228 participants
  Very low

Active stimulation vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

• Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 164 participants
  Very low
• Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Active stimulation + other intervention vs other intervention alone

• Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 303 participants
  Very low
• Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 635 participants
  Low
• Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Presurgical medical therapy vs Placebo or no active treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pre‐ and postsurgical medical therapy for endometriosis surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Presurgical medical therapy vs postsurgical medical therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pre‐ and postsurgical medical therapy for endometriosis surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Postsurgical medical therapy vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Pre‐ and postsurgical medical therapy for endometriosis surgery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 340 participants
  Very low

Printed educational material vs no intervention

• Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1631 participants
  Very low
• Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 1 participants
  Very low

Printed educational material vs no intervention

• Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 6737 participants
  Very low

Printed educational material vs single intervention

• Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low

Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine vs topical anaesthesia alone

• Topical anaesthesia plus intracameral lidocaine versus topical anaesthesia alone for phacoemulsification cataract… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Environmental interventions vs no intervention

• Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 378 participants
  Very low
• Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 565 participants
  Moderate

Combination of interventions vs standard education

• Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 426 participants
  Very low

Education vs no intervention

• Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 815 participants
  Moderate

Education vs no intervention

• Household interventions for secondary prevention of domestic lead exposure in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 318 participants
  Moderate