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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,558 questions in 115 reviews · Vascular
current versionsNo studies 346 · 22.2%Ungraded 90 · 5.8%Very low 281 · 18%Low 477 · 30.6%Moderate 313 · 20.1%High 51 · 3.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral DTIs vs conventional anticoagulation Major bleeding (7 months) · participants with diagnosed DVT Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.58 [0.38, 0.89] | 3 studies · 5994 participants | High |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Recurrent VTE (3 to 12 months) · participants with diagnosed DVT Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.71, 1.01] | 13 studies · 17505 participants | Moderate |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Recurrent DVT (3 to 12 months) · participants with diagnosed DVT Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.7 [0.49, 1.01] | 9 studies · 16439 participants | Moderate |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Fatal PE (3 to 12 months) · participants with diagnosed DVT Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 1.18 [0.69, 2.02] | 6 studies · 15082 participants | Moderate |
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation Recurrent PEa · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 1.02 [0.5, 2.04] | 1 study · 1602 participants | Moderate |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation All‐cause mortality · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 1.16 [0.79, 1.7] | 1 study · 4817 participants | Moderate |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Major bleedinge · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.71 [0.36, 1.41] | 8 studies · 11447 participants | Low |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Health‐related quality of life · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation Recurrent VTEc · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.93 [0.52, 1.66] | 1 study · 1602 participants | Moderate |
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation DVTd · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.79 [0.29, 2.13] | 1 study · 1602 participants | Moderate |
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation All‐cause mortality · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation Major bleedinge · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.15, 1.68] | 1 study · 1527 participants | Moderate |
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation Health‐related quality of life · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Recurrent PEa · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.92 [0.66, 1.29] | 3 studies · 8186 participants | Moderate |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation Recurrent VTEc · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.83 [0.66, 1.03] | 8 studies · 11416 participants | Moderate |
Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation DVTd · people with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the… (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.77 [0.48, 1.25] | 2 studies · 8151 participants | Moderate |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Disease severity signs and symptoms score (VCSS, scale 0–27, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 671 participants | Moderate |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Adverse effects of treatment · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Pain (% of participants) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.03, 2.87] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Oedema (% of participants) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.21 [0.02, 2.27] | 1 study · 35 participants | Very low |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Incidence of leg ulcer · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Skin pigmentation changes · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Disease severity signs and symptoms score · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Health‐related quality of life · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Adverse effects of treatment · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Pain · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Oedema (leg volume in mL, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Health‐related quality of life(CIVIQ2, scale 20–100, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 153 participants | Very low |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Incidence of leg ulcer · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs dryland exercise Skin pigmentation changes · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Adverse effects of treatment (thromboembolic event) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.35 [0.09, 1.42] | 3 studies · 584 participants | Low |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Pain (VAS, scale 0–10, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 354 participants | Low |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Oedema(leg circumference in cm, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 369 participants | Very low |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Incidence of leg ulcer · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | OR 1.06 [0.27, 4.14] | 2 studies · 449 participants | Very low |
Balneotherapy vs no treatment Skin pigmentation changes (pigmentation index, 0–10, lower is better) · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 59 participants | Low |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Disease severity signs and symptoms score · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Balneotherapy vs melilotus officinalis Health‐related quality of life · people with chronic venous insufficiency Balneotherapy for chronic venous insufficiency (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Tranexamic acid vs placebo Red cell transfusions (units per participant) up to 30 days post surgery · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care Risk of a thrombotic/thromboembolic event (MI, CVA, DVT, PE) · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0, 5.84] | 1 study · 39 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Tranexamic acid vs placebo All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Tranexamic acid vs placebo Risk of receiving any allogeneic blood product (data only available for intraoperative blood product use) · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.11, 3.95] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Tranexamic acid vs placebo Risk of reoperation or repeat procedure for bleeding within 7 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.99] | 1 study · 100 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Tranexamic acid vs placebo Risk of a thrombotic/thromboembolic event (MI, CVA, DVT, PE) · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.88, 1.36] | 1 study · 1360 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care Red cell transfusions (units per participant) up to 30 days post surgery · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care All‐cause mortality up to 30 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.11, 1.76] | 3 studies · 585 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care Risk of receiving any allogeneic blood product up to 30 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: Fibrin sealant vs usual care Risk of reoperation or repeat procedure for bleeding within 7 days · people aged 18 and over undergoing vascular surgery Drugs to reduce bleeding and transfusion in major open vascular or endovascular surgery: a systematic review… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.31, 3.4] | 1 study · 160 participants | Very low |
Motor imaging vs usual care Prosthesis use · people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes Interventions for motor rehabilitation in people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8 participants | Ungraded |
Gait training protocol focused on impairment level vs gait training protocol focused on task level Quality of life · people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes Interventions for motor rehabilitation in people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Gait training protocol focused on impairment level vs gait training protocol focused on task level Mobility assessment · people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial disease or diabetes Interventions for motor rehabilitation in people with transtibial amputation due to peripheral arterial… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |