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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
780 questions in 55 reviews · Public Health
current versionsNo studies 162 · 20.8%Ungraded 52 · 6.7%Very low 231 · 29.6%Low 191 · 24.5%Moderate 122 · 15.6%High 22 · 2.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dietary and activity interventions vs control Serious adverse events · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 27882 participants | Low |
Dietary interventions vs control BMI long‐term (> 15 months) · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 945 participants | Moderate |
Dietary interventions vs control zBMI short‐term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 3695 participants | Moderate |
Dietary interventions vs control zBMI medium‐term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 7048 participants | Moderate |
Dietary interventions vs control zBMI long‐term (> 15 months) · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 5285 participants | Low |
Dietary interventions vs control Serious adverse events · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1913 participants | Very low |
Activity interventions vs control BMI short‐term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 4069 participants | Low |
Activity interventions vs control BMI medium‐term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 5 to 11 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 21286 participants | Moderate |
Dietary interventions vs control BMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 605 participants | Very low |
Activity interventions vs control BMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 985 participants | Low |
Activity interventions vs control zBMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 4718 participants | High |
Activity interventions vs control zBMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 5335 participants | Moderate |
Activity interventions vs control zBMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 985 participants | Moderate |
Activity interventions vs control Serious adverse events · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 5428 participants | Low |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control BMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 3429 participants | High |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control BMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 5612 participants | Moderate |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control BMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 8736 participants | Moderate |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control zBMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 515 participants | Very low |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control zBMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 3511 participants | Low |
Dietary interventions vs control BMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 900 participants | Very low |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control zBMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 8430 participants | Low |
Dietary and activity interventions vs control Serious adverse events · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 2394 participants | Very low |
Dietary interventions vs control BMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Low |
Dietary interventions vs control zBMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 3154 participants | Low |
Dietary interventions vs control zBMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Low |
Dietary interventions vs control zBMI long term (> 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1089 participants | Very low |
Dietary interventions vs control Serious adverse events · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 377 participants | Low |
Activity interventions vs control BMI short term (12 weeks from baseline to < 9 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1780 participants | Low |
Activity interventions vs control BMI medium term (9 months to < 15 months) · children aged 12 to 18 years Interventions to prevent obesity in children aged 12 to 18 years old (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2143 participants | Low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and adjusted for altitude as appropriate) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.34 [0.18, 0.65] | 4 studies · 2328 participants | Very low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Iron deficiency (as defined by the trialists based on a biomarker of iron status) · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.19, 0.69] | 4 studies · 1154 participants | Low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Ferritin (µg/L) concentration · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1251 participants | Very low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Transferrin saturation · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Total iron binding capacity · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 158 participants | Low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Adverse effects · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 2808 participants | Very low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Iron deficiency (as defined by the trialists based on a biomarker of iron status) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.11, 1.01] | 2 studies · 391 participants | Moderate |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Ferritin concentration (µg/L) · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 4459 participants | Very low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Transferrin saturation · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Total iron binding capacity · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings Adverse effects · population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and adjusted for altitude as appropriate) · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.4, 0.89] | 4 studies · 1007 participants | Low |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) · population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years,… Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1270 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR School engagement ( · children and young people with chronic health conditions Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 269 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Academic achievement ( · children and young people with chronic health conditions Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 227 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Transition back to school ( · children and young people with chronic health conditions Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Mental health ( · children and young people with chronic health conditions Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 163 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life · children and young people with chronic health conditions Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · children and young people with chronic health conditions Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Diet quality · children aged six months to six years Healthy eating interventions delivered in early childhood education and care settings for improving the diet… (2023) · Cochrane | SMD 0.34 | 6 studies · 1973 participants | Very low |