Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care Kidney failure · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care Remission of proteinuria · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.9 [1.45, 2.47] | 2 studies · 143 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care Remission of haematuria (microscopic) · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.93 [1.47, 2.53] | 2 studies · 143 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care Relapse of haematuria (macroscopic) · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.8, 2.23] | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs placebo or no treatment Kidney failure or doubling of SCr · people with IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.21] | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care Relapse of proteinuria · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.57, 0.85] | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care > 50% increase in SCr · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tonsillectomy plus standard care vs standard care Proteinuria · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 69 participants | Low |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs placebo or no treatment Remission of proteinuria: complete remission · people with IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 5.29 [0.27, 102.49] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs placebo or no treatment Remission of haematuria · people with IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs placebo or no treatment Relapse of proteinuria · people with IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs placebo or no treatment > 50% increase in SCr · people with IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs placebo or no treatment Proteinuria · people with IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 199 participants | Moderate |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs other supportive care treatment Death · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Renin‐angiotensin system inhibition vs other supportive care treatment Kidney failure · people IgA nephropathy Non‐immunosuppressive treatment for IgA nephropathy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.88] | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Analgesia requirements · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 556 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Analgesia requirements · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 270 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Duration of procedure · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 270 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Blood loss · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Perioperative Complications · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.79, 2.22] | 3 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Reoperations · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.61 [0.2, 12.81] | 3 studies · 270 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Warm ischaemia time · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 270 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Hospital stay · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 270 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Early graft loss · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.08, 1.74] | 4 studies · 356 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Delayed graft function · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.51, 2.02] | 6 studies · 715 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Acute rejection · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.86, 2.15] | 6 studies · 693 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Duration of procedure · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 815 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Ureteric complications · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [0.74, 3.36] | 6 studies · 775 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Kidney function at one year · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 538 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic One year graft loss · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.25, 2.96] | 3 studies · 403 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Early graft loss ‐ not reported · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Delayed graft function ‐ not reported · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Acute rejection ‐ not reported · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Ureteric complications ‐ not reported · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted Kidney function at one year ‐ not reported · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Laparoscopic vs hand‐assisted One‐year graft loss · live donor nephrectomy (secondary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.51, 3.37] | 2 studies · 230 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Blood loss · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 775 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Perioperative complications: pre 2010 · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.39, 1.11] | 4 studies · 464 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Perioperative complications: post 2010 · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.19 [1.53, 3.13] | 2 studies · 303 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Perioperative complications: total · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.55, 1.89] | 6 studies · 767 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Reoperations · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.09, 3.64] | 6 studies · 596 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Warm ischaemia time · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 815 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Open vs laparoscopic Hospital stay · live donor nephrectomy (primary outcomes) Robotic versus laparoscopic versus open nephrectomy for live kidney donors (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 775 participants | Moderate |
Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors vs placebo or no treatment All‐cause death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.73, 1.15] | 24 studies · 7413 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97] | 4 studies · 3280 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment Fatal or nonfatal stroke Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.32, 1.77] | 2 studies · 619 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.11, 1.65] | 2 studies · 619 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.23, 0.85] | 5 studies · 815 participants | Low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs placebo or no treatment Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 5.58 [0.85, 36.81] | 4 studies · 671 participants | Very low |
Angiotensin receptor blockers vs angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors All‐cause death Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease Angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for preventing the progression of… (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.13 [0.68, 1.88] | 15 studies · 1739 participants | Low |