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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Number of dropouts due to adverse effects at 8 weeks · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane | OR 2.88 [1.37, 6.05] | 6 studies · 2472 participants | High |
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Remission rates at 8 weeks · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [1.19, 1.79] | 7 studies · 3358 participants | High |
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Change in depressive symptoms at 8 weeks · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane | MD 1.39 | 8 studies · 3263 participants | High |
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Adverse effects: akathisia (followed up until the end of the longest · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane | OR 2.95 [2.06, 4.21] | 7 studies · 3358 participants | Moderate |
Brexpiprazole vs antidepressive agents Adverse effects: weight gain (followed up until the end of the longest · participants of any age with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder Brexpiprazole versus placebo or other antidepressive agents for treating depression (2023) · Cochrane | OR 3.14 [2.19, 4.49] | 9 studies · 3424 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 1: Alpha‐blockers vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 5: SNRIs vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.1] | 2 studies · 687 participants | Very low |
Comparison 6: SSRIs vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.59, 0.74] | 8 studies · 1078 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 6: SSRIs vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.96, 1] | 14 studies · 2399 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 7: TCAs vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.38, 0.96] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Comparison 7: TCAs vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.81, 1.05] | 3 studies · 141 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 1: Alpha‐blockers vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.91, 1.08] | 1 study · 304 participants | Moderate |
Comparison 2: Antipsychotics vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.16, 1.67] | 2 studies · 43 participants | Very low |
Comparison 2: Antipsychotics vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.05] | 5 studies · 348 participants | Low |
Comparison 3: MAOIs vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 3: MAOIs vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.9, 1.43] | 1 study · 37 participants | Low |
Comparison 4: NaSSAs vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ Treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.22, 0.94] | 1 study · 26 participants | Low |
Comparison 4: NaSSAs vs placebo Treatment tolerability, as measured by Dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.68, 1.11] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Comparison 5: SNRIs vs placebo Treatment efficacy ‐ treatment response, as measured by the Global Impressions scale change item (CGI‐I or similar): no. of responders (acute phase) · adults (aged 18‐85) Pharmacotherapy for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antidepressants vs placebo Gambling symptom severity · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 225 participants | Very low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Gambling expenditure ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Gambling frequency ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Time spent gambling ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Anxiety symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Functional impairment · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Opioid antagonists vs placebo Responder status · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.86, 3.14] | 4 studies · 562 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Gambling symptom severity · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Gambling expenditure · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Gambling frequency · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Gambling expenditure · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 144 participants | Low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Time spent gambling · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Anxiety symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 71 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Functional impairment · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Mood stabilisers vs placebo Responder status · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.69 [1.14, 6.32] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Gambling symptom severity · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 63 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Gambling expenditure · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Gambling frequency · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Time spent gambling · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Antidepressants vs placebo Gambling frequency · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Anxiety symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Functional impairment ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo Responder status · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.62, 1.4] | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists Gambling symptom severity · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists Gambling expenditure ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists Gambling frequency ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists Time spent gambling ‐ not measured · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists Depressive symptoms · treatment of disordered and problem gambling Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 62 participants | Very low |