Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotics vs surgery Appendectomy in the antibiotic group · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1396 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Clostridium difficile diarrhoea · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.24, 3.89] | 3 studies · 1552 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Intra‐abdominal abscess or collection · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [0.61, 4.07] | 6 studies · 1831 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Reoperation · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | OR 0.13 [0.01, 2.16] | 1 study · 492 participants | Very low |
Antibiotics vs surgery Length of hospital stay (days) · adults with uncomplicated appendicitis Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.54 [0.06, 1.01] | 11 studies · 3192 participants | Very low |
Local excision vs radical resection Outcomes · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local excision vs radical resection Disease‐free survival (D‐FS)Â · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | HR 1.96 [0.91, 4.24] | 3 studies · 212 participants | Low |
Local excision vs radical resection Sphincter function · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 165 participants | Low |
Local excision vs radical resection Cancer‐related survival (C‐RS)Â · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | HR 1.42 [0.6, 3.33] | 3 studies · 207 participants | Very low |
Local excision vs radical resection Local recurrence‐free survival (LR‐FS)Â · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 265 participants | Low |
Local excision vs radical resection Major postoperative complications · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.22, 1.28] | 4 studies · 266 participants | Low |
Local excision vs radical resection Minor postoperative complications · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.27, 0.85] | 4 studies · 266 participants | Moderate |
Local excision vs radical resection Quality of life · stage I rectal cancer in adults Local versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer with or without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 55 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Postoperative pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.94 [0.73, 1.21] | 5 studies · 1002 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Overall postoperative morbidity · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | 1.02 [0.87, 1.19] | 4 studies · 447 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Reoperation rate · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.33, 1.66] | 3 studies · 323 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 194 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total hospital cost (US dollars) · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 124 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Total length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 447 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Postoperative pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Postoperative mortality · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 1.41 [0.63, 3.13] | 2 studies · 351 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall postoperative morbidity · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.67, 2.02] | 2 studies · 351 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Reoperation rate · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.52, 1.41] | 2 studies · 351 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events (diabetes mellitus) · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 169 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Postoperative mortality · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.39 [0.12, 1.29] | 7 studies · 1051 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cost‐effectiveness · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 351 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Overall postoperative morbidity · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.98, 1.48] | 4 studies · 893 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Reoperation rate · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.4 [0.18, 0.9] | 3 studies · 623 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Serious adverse events · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 732 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cost‐effectiveness · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total length of hospital stay (days) · people undergoing distal pancreatectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | MD 0.99 | 2 studies · 371 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative pancreatic fistula (grade B or C) · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | 1.34 [0.72, 2.48] | 3 studies · 323 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Postoperative mortality · people undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy Fibrin sealants for the prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula following pancreatic surgery (2023) · Cochrane | Peto OR 0.24 [0.05, 1.06] | 5 studies · 517 participants | Very low |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Functional capacity 4 weeks postoperatively · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 131 participants | Low |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Functional capacity 8 weeks postoperatively · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Very low |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Complications within 30 days postoperatively · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.7, 1.29] | 3 studies · 250 participants | Low |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Health‐related quality of life · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 182 participants | Ungraded |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Functional capacity pre‐surgery · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 225 participants | Moderate |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Length of hospital stay · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 250 participants | Ungraded |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Mortality · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prehabilitation vs no prehabilitation Safety of the programme (dropout, SAE) · adult patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs mechanical bowel preparation alone SSI · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.42, 0.74] | 16 studies · 3917 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs oral antibiotics alone Length of hospital stay · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation Surgical site infections · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.33, 1.23] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation Anastomotic leakage · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.89 [0.33, 2.42] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation Mortality · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.22] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation Incidence of postoperative ileus · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.77, 1.81] | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation vs no bowel preparation Length of hospital stay · Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery Preoperative combined mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation for preventing complications in… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 396 participants | Low |