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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
165 questions in 15 reviews · Childhood Cancer
current versionsNo studies 50 · 30.3%Ungraded 12 · 7.3%Very low 13 · 7.9%Low 69 · 41.8%Moderate 21 · 12.7%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Progression‐free survival Defined as time from randomisation to progression either on or off treatment (Illustrative comparative risks reported as number of participants without progression) · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | HR 1.18 [0.97, 1.43] | 2 studies · 2 participants | Moderate |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Tumour response rate Defined as number of complete or partial remissions Available‐case analysis · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.79, 1.04] | 6 studies · 956 participants | Moderate |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Quality of life · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation Event‐free survival (reported as number of participants with progression, relapse, second malignancy, or death, whatever the cause) · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents,… (2021) · Cochrane | HR 0.83 [0.59, 1.17] | 1 study · 267 participants | Low |
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation Overall survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents,… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation Quality‐adjusted survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents,… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation Toxicity · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents,… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation vs conventional chemotherapy plus whole lung irradiation Progression‐free survival · children, adolescents, and young adults with primary metastatic Ewing sarcoma High‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation for children, adolescents,… (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Hearing loss (asymptomatic and symptomatic disease according to Brock criteria) exact instrument used to test hearing loss was not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.47, 4.13] | 1 study · 67 participants | Low |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Tinnitus ‐ not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Overall survival ‐ not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Event‐free survival ‐ not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Tumour response (complete or partial remission according to INRC) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Adverse effects: toxic death (no definition provided) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.12 [0.07, 17.31] | 1 study · 91 participants | Low |
Continuous platinum infusion vs bolus platinum infusion Quality of life ‐ not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Different infusion durations for preventing platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Ototoxicity according to NCICTCv2 criteria with intra‐arterial platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Exact test method not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.94, 1.77] | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Quality of life – not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Ototoxicity according to Brock criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.33, 0.81] | 1 study · 101 participants | Moderate |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Survival · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Overall survival with intravenous platinum (i.e. mortality/number of participants deceased) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.43 [0.03, 5.85] | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Event‐free survival with intravenous platinum (i.e. number of participants with disease progression, disease relapse, second primary cancer or death) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.85 [0.37, 1.94] | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Tumour response · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Tumour response with intravenous platinum (complete and partial remission) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.98, 1.15] | 1 study · 108 participants | Low |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Adverse effects other than ototoxicity (≥ grade 3 according to NCICTCAEv3 criteria) with intravenous platinum · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 109 participants | Low |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Quality of life · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sodium thiosulfate vs no otoprotective intervention Quality of life – not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Ototoxicity according to NCICTCv2 criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Objective and subjective audiometric evaluations were performed, no further information provided · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.76, 1.44] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Ototoxicity according to modified Brock criteria with intravenous platinum (combined asymptomatic and symptomatic disease) Audiograms were performed, but no further information provided · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.74, 1.55] | 1 study · 82 participants | Low |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Survival · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Survival (overall and event‐free) – not reported · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Tumour response · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Tumour response with intra‐arterial platinum (good and partial remission) · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.97, 2.63] | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Renal toxicity/vomiting/ cardiotoxicity (all grade ≥ 3 according to NCICTCv2 criteria) with intra‐arterial platinum · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 28 participants | Low |
Amifostine vs no otoprotective intervention Quality of life · children with cancer treated with platinum‐based therapy Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Overall survival (reported as mortality) · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.5 [0.31, 0.8] | 1 study · 226 participants | Moderate |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Treatment‐related mortality ‐ not reported · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Progression‐free survival ‐ not reported · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Event‐free survival (reported as relapse, progressive disease, secondary cancer, and mortality) · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.61 [0.41, 0.92] | 1 study · 226 participants | Moderate |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Early toxicity ‐ not reported · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Late non‐haematological toxicity ‐ not reported · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dinutuximab‐containing immunotherapy vs standard therapy Health‐related quality of life ‐ not reported · People with high‐risk neuroblastoma pre‐treated with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Anti‐GD2 antibody‐containing immunotherapy postconsolidation therapy for people with high‐risk neuroblastoma… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: urate oxidase vs allopurinol Incidence of clinical tumour lysis syndrome ( · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.44, 1.33] | 1 study · 348 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: high‐dose urate oxidase vs low‐dose urate oxidase Renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: high‐dose urate oxidase vs low‐dose urate oxidase Normalisation of serum uric acid ( · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.89, 1.28] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: high‐dose urate oxidase vs low‐dose urate oxidase Percentage reduction in serum uric acid level at 4 hours ( · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: high‐dose urate oxidase vs low‐dose urate oxidase AUC of serum uric acid level · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings: high‐dose urate oxidase vs low‐dose urate oxidase Frequency of adverse events ( · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.12, 2.48] | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: urate oxidase vs allopurinol Mortality due to tumour lysis syndrome ( · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.05 [0, 0.89] | 3 studies · 396 participants | Low |
Summary of findings: urate oxidase vs allopurinol Renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy ( · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.08, 0.89] | 5 studies · 992 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings: urate oxidase vs allopurinol Normalisation of serum uric acid · children with haematological malignancy at risk of tumour lysis syndrome Urate oxidase for the prevention and treatment of tumour lysis syndrome in children with cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |