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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
165 questions in 15 reviews · Childhood Cancer
current versionsNo studies 50 · 30.3%Ungraded 12 · 7.3%Very low 13 · 7.9%Low 69 · 41.8%Moderate 21 · 12.7%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Overall survival ‐ not reported · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 12.05 [5.27, 27.58] | 1 study · 1850 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.84 [2.15, 10.85] | 1 study · 1850 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Thromboembolism ‐ not reported · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Osteonecrosis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.65 [0.91, 3] | 1 study · 1850 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Asparaginase‐associated toxicity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 4.49 [3.05, 6.59] | 1 study · 1850 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Overall survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 239 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Event‐free survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.16] | 1 study · 239 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.64, 2.13] | 1 study · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.47, 1.52] | 1 study · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Thromboembolism · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.48, 1.42] | 1 study · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Event‐free survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.06] | 1 study · 625 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Osteonecrosis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.15, 2.56] | 1 study · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Calaspargase (11 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs PEG‐asparaginase (16 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Asparaginase‐associated toxicity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.71, 1.4] | 1 study · 223 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Hypersensitivity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.21, 1.93] | 1 study · 625 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Pancreatitis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.31 [0.12, 0.75] | 1 study · 625 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Thromboembolism · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.22, 1.36] | 1 study · 625 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Osteonecrosis · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.35, 1.32] | 1 study · 625 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Intermittent PEG‐asparaginase treatment (8 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) vs continuous PEG‐asparaginase treatment (15 doses, 1000 IU/m2, IM) Asparaginase‐associated toxicity · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.35, 0.78] | 1 study · 625 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Overall survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.98, 1] | 1 study · 1857 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐risk with additional PEG‐asp (6 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) vs low‐risk standard (2 doses, 2500 IU/m2, IV) Event‐free survival · children and adolescents (< 18 years of age) with first‐line ALL PEG‐asparaginase treatment regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children: a network meta‐analysis (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.99, 1.04] | 1 study · 1857 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Response  · children and adolescents with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Overall survival · children and adolescents with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Relapse‐free survival · children and adolescents with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · children and adolescents with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Quality of life · children and adolescents with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Cost of intervention per month · children and adolescents with acute graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus standard treatment for acute graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Response · children and adolescents with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Overall survival · children and adolescents with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Failure‐free survival · children and adolescents with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Adverse events · children and adolescents with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Quality of life · children and adolescents with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Cost of intervention per month · children and adolescents with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation Extracorporeal photopheresis versus alternative treatment for chronic graft‐versus‐host disease after… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Clinical heart failure Available case analysis · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.22 [0.11, 0.43] | 7 studies · 1221 participants | Moderate |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Secondary malignant neoplasms · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Clinical heart failure Available‐case analysis · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.19] | 3 studies · 885 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Cardiomyopathy/heart failure primary cause of death Available‐case analysis · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1008 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Clinical heart failure and subclinical myocardial dysfunction combined Defined as (1) evidence of clinical congestive heart failure, (2) a reduction in LVEF as measured by MUGA to < 45% or (3) a decrease in LVEF as measured by MUGA of > 20 percent... · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.13, 0.85] | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Clinical heart failure and subclinical myocardial dysfunction combined Defined as clinical heart failure (no definition provided) or subclinical myocardial dysfunction defined as decreased LVFS; however, it was stated that toxicity was graded acco... · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 537 participants | Very low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Overall mortality (Reported as number of participants who died) · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | HR 1.01 [0.72, 1.42] | 3 studies · 1008 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Progression‐free survival · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Tumour response rate Defined as number of complete remissions (no definition of complete remission provided). Best‐case analysis · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.95, 1.07] | 1 study · 206 participants | Very low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Tumour response rate Defined as number of complete responses (i.e. disappearance of active Hodgkin lymphoma (gallium negative, ≥ 70% decrease in the sum of the products of the perpendicular diameters of measurable lesions, and negative bone marrow... · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.84, 1.01] | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Quality of life · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Clinical heart failure and subclinical myocardial dysfunction combined Comparable definitions; see Characteristics of included studies for exact definitions. Available‐case analysis · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.24, 0.56] | 3 studies · 417 participants | Moderate |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention Secondary malignant neoplasms Available‐case analysis · children with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.08 [1.13, 8.38] | 3 studies · 1015 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Clinical heart failure and subclinical myocardial dysfunction combined Comparable definitions; see Characteristics of included studies for exact definitions. Available‐case analysis · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.33, 0.66] | 2 studies · 534 participants | Moderate |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Overall survival (Illustrative comparative risks reported as number of alive participants) · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | HR 1.04 [0.88, 1.23] | 4 studies · 4 participants | Moderate |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Progression‐free survival Defined as time from first date of complete response, partial response or stable disease until the date progressive disease was first noticed (Illustrative comparative risks reported as number of participants without prog... · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.62 [0.43, 0.9] | 1 study · 164 participants | Low |
Dexrazoxane vs no cardioprotective intervention or placebo Progression‐free survival Defined as time to progression; starting point nm (Illustrative comparative risks reported as number of participants without progression) · adults with cancer receiving anthracyclines Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving… (2022) · Cochrane | HR 0.95 [0.64, 1.4] | 1 study · 1 participants | Low |