What do systematic reviews say?

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all‐cause mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.91, 0.98]
  38 studies · 75927 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular mortality in trials using vitamin D3… (low certainty).

• Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.9, 1.07]
  10 studies · 47267 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower cancer mortality in trials using vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ( (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.78, 0.98]
  4 studies · 44492 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined… (moderate certainty).

• Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [1.02, 1.34]
  4 studies · 42876 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher adverse events: hypercalcaemia in trials using the active forms of… (low certainty).

• Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.18 [1.17, 8.68]
  3 studies · 710 participants
  Low

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 153 participants
  Low

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Very low

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Oral vs intramuscular vitamin B12

• Oral vitamin B₁₂ versus intramuscular vitamin B₁₂ for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to higher healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase… (low certainty).

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.26 [1.59, 6.69]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes morbidity (number) Definition: fractures (very low certainty).

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.27 [0.03, 2.32]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 105 participants
  GRADE not reported