Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania
It is very uncertain whether valproate changes adverse events ‐ Sedation At 8 weeks (secondary tolerability outcome) compared with risperidone (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in symptom severity at 5 ‐ 12 weeks (secondary efficacy outcome) · Children and adolescents with acute mania
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania
Valproate showed no clear difference in individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 3‐8 weeks (secondary… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Dropout · Children and adolescents with acute mania
Valproate showed no clear difference in dropout rate ‐ All‐cause (secondary acceptability outcome) At 5 ‐ 12… compared with risperidone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in symptom severity at 3 weeks (secondary efficacy outcome) · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania
1 finding from 1 review
Dropout · Adults (aged 18 and over) with acute mania
Valproate showed no clear difference in dropout rate ‐ All‐cause 3‐8 weeks (secondary acceptability outcome) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Response rate at 8 weeks (primary efficacy outcome) · Children and adolescents with acute mania
It is very uncertain whether valproate changes response rate at 4 weeks (primary efficacy outcome) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Primary outcome 3: Adverse events · Children and adolescents with acute mania
It is very uncertain whether valproate changes number with any adverse event at 4 weeks (primary tolerability… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects: 1. Sedation · Children and adolescents with acute mania
It is very uncertain whether valproate changes individual adverse events ‐ Sedation At 4 weeks (secondary… compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in symptom severity at 3 weeks (secondary efficacy outcome) · Children and adolescents with acute mania
1 finding from 1 review
Benzodiazepine discontinuation, end of intervention · adults who withdraw from chronic benzodiazepine use
It is very uncertain whether valproate changes benzodiazepine discontinuation, end of intervention compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Benzodiazepine discontinuation, longest · adults who withdraw from chronic benzodiazepine use
It is very uncertain whether valproate changes benzodiazepine discontinuation, longest compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms, end of intervention · adults who withdraw from chronic benzodiazepine use
1 finding from 1 review
Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms, longest · adults who withdraw from chronic benzodiazepine use
1 finding from 1 review
Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of compared with phenytoin monotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) ‐ stratified by epilepsy type: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly‐onset focal onset or generalised tonic‐clonic seizures
Sodium valproate showed no clear difference in time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: generalised… compared with phenytoin monotherapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review