Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

42 questions · 42 findings · 1 reviews · Musculoskeletal

No studies found 15 · 35.7%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 5 · 11.9%Low 10 · 23.8%Moderate 12 · 28.6%High 0 · 0%

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number experiencing adverse effects · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review