What do systematic reviews say?

Oral protein calorie supplements vs no intervention, placebo or additional nutritional advice compared to placebo

• Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  High

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 460 participants
  Low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 460 participants
  Low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 460 participants
  Low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 587 participants
  Low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 587 participants
  Low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 795 participants
  Very low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 795 participants
  Very low

Supplementary feeding vs no food supplementation or low‐protein/kcalories supplementation

• Community‐based supplementary feeding for promoting the growth of children under five years of age in low and middle… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 460 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in stillbirth (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.31, 2.15]
  1 study · 529 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal death (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.78 [0.75, 10.36]
  1 study · 529 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher small‐for‐gestational age (moderate certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58 [1.03, 2.41]
  1 study · 505 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm birth (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.83, 1.56]
  1 study · 505 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.07, 1.9]
  1 study · 431 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 504 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 486 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported