Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

111 questions · 117 findings · 15 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 20 · 17.1%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.9%Very low 31 · 26.5%Low 30 · 25.6%Moderate 21 · 17.9%High 14 · 12%

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal composite morbidity · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal composite morbidity compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Endomyometritis · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal endomyometritis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Wound infection · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal wound Infection compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal UTI/cystitis/pyelonephritis · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in maternal UTI/cystitis/pyelonephritis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Maternal respiratory infection (pneumonia) · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in maternal respiratory infection (pneumonia) compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Neonatal sepsis · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women undergoing caesarean section

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in neonatal ICU admission compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether single dose of antibiotics changes abdominal surgical site infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether single dose of antibiotics changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

Number of people with one or more isolates of S aureus (sensitive strains) · children with cystic fibrosis

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic may leads to lower number of people with one or more isolates of S aureus (sensitive… compared with 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

Number of people with one or more isolates of P aeruginosa · children with cystic fibrosis

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic showed no clear difference in number of people with one or more isolates of P aeruginosa compared with 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Abdominal surgical site infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether more than 24 hours of antibiotics changes abdominal surgical site infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics

All‐cause mortality · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether more than 24 hours of antibiotics changes mortality compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More than 24 hours of antibiotics vs 24 hours of antibiotics

Intra‐abdominal infection · people undergoing laparotomy for penetrating abdominal trauma

It is very uncertain whether more than 24 hours of antibiotics changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review