What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotics vs placebo

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2237 participants
  High

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.66, 1.15]
  6 studies · 3309 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.88 [0.74, 1.05]
  9 studies · 2978 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in any adverse event WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.07 [0.69, 1.67]
  4 studies · 512 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics vs placebo

• Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 658 participants
  Moderate

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal composite morbidity compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.54, 0.82]
  10 studies · 5041 participants
  High

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal endomyometritis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.36, 0.79]
  10 studies · 5041 participants
  High

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… leads to lower maternal wound Infection compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.59 [0.44, 0.81]
  10 studies · 5041 participants
  High

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in maternal UTI/cystitis/pyelonephritis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (moderate certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.65, 1.59]
  8 studies · 4001 participants
  Moderate

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in maternal respiratory infection (pneumonia) compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (low certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.3 [0.34, 15.45]
  2 studies · 1158 participants
  Low

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in neonatal sepsis compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (moderate certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.51, 1.13]
  5 studies · 2907 participants
  Moderate

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean incision vs after neonatal umbilical cord clamping

Prophylactic intravenous antibiotics administered before cesarean… showed no clear difference in neonatal ICU admission compared with after neonatal umbilical cord clamping (high certainty).

• Timing of intravenous prophylactic antibiotics for preventing postpartum infectious morbidity in women undergoing… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.74, 1.13]
  6 studies · 3708 participants
  High

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

It is very uncertain whether single dose of antibiotics changes abdominal surgical site infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.48 [0.87, 2.52]
  1 study · 360 participants
  Very low

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

• Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 360 participants
  Very low

Single‐dose antibiotic vs 24 hours of antibiotics

It is very uncertain whether single dose of antibiotics changes intra‐abdominal infection compared with 24 hours of antibiotics (very low certainty).

• Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma: duration of use and antibiotic choice 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.25, 2.32]
  1 study · 360 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

• Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 119 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic may leads to lower number of people with one or more isolates of S aureus (sensitive… compared with 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics (low certainty).

• Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.21 [0.13, 0.35]
  3 studies · 315 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic showed no clear difference in number of people with one or more isolates of P aeruginosa compared with 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics (low certainty).

• Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.45, 1.23]
  3 studies · 312 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

• Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 140 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Prophylactic vs 'as required' anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prophylactic anti‐staphylococcal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found