Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

141 questions · 153 findings · 16 reviews · Urology

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No studies found 42 · 27.5%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.3%Very low 16 · 10.5%Low 56 · 36.6%Moderate 33 · 21.6%High 4 · 2.6%

Desmopressin vs alpha‐blocker

Withdrawals due to adverse events

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (QoL) We reported this outcome narratively in this review. Here, long‐term results (i.e., at the end of treatment) are presented. In the comparison PAZ versus SUN, QoL was measured using FACIT‐F (score range 0‐52; higher scores rep... · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

First‐line therapy for adults with advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Number of nocturnal voids

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 341 participants
Moderate

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Quality of life

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 341 participants
Moderate

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Major adverse events

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker showed no clear difference in major adverse events compared with alpha‐blocker (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.3 [0.01, 7.32]
3 studies · 402 participants
Low

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Duration of first sleep episode ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Time to first void ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Minor adverse events

It is very uncertain whether desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker changes minor adverse events compared with alpha‐blocker (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.6 [0.15, 16.82]
3 studies · 402 participants
Very low

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker

Withdrawals due to adverse events

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawal due to adverse event compared with alpha‐blocker (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.84 [0.46, 17.66]
3 studies · 402 participants
Low

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Number of nocturnal voids

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 405 participants
Moderate

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Quality of life ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Major adverse events

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 427 participants
Low

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Duration of first sleep episode ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Time to first void ‐ not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Minor adverse events

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker may leads to lower minor adverse events compared with alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.05, 0.98]
1 study · 427 participants
Low

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker vs alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic

Withdrawals due to adverse events

Desmopressin plus alpha‐blocker may leads to lower treatment withdrawal due to adverse event compared with alpha‐blocker plus anticholinergic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Desmopressin for treating nocturia in men 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.05, 0.98]
1 study · 427 participants
Low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Time to recurrence

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA probably leads to lower time to recurrence compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.47 [0.32, 0.69]
1 study · 236 participants
Moderate

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Time to progression

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes time to progression compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.81 [0, 259.93]
1 study · 236 participants
Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Serious adverse events

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA changes serious adverse events compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.3, 2.05]
1 study · 236 participants
Very low

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA vs single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD

Disease‐specific survival

Single‐dose, preoperative MMC‐EMDA showed no clear difference in disease‐specific survival compared with single‐dose, postoperative MMC‐PD (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.99 [0.74, 1.32]
1 study · 236 participants
Low