Findings

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29 questions · 33 findings · 4 reviews · Tobacco Addiction

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No studies found 6 · 18.2%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 18.2%Low 12 · 36.4%Moderate 2 · 6.1%High 7 · 21.2%

Intervention not reported

Non‐nicotine/placebo EC · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐nicotine/placebo EC (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.16 [0.74, 1.8]
8 studies · 1094 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Bupropion · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention leads to higher bupropion (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.43 [1.26, 1.62]
71 studies · 14759 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Nortriptyline · adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who smoked cigarettes Components: components of pharmacological and e‐cigarette (EC) interventions for smoking…

The intervention probably leads to higher nortriptyline (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological and electronic cigarette interventions for smoking cessation in adults: component network meta‐analyses 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.35 [1.02, 1.81]
10 studies · 1290 participants
Moderate

Nicotine replacement therapy vs control

Biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in pregnancy (20 weeks' gestation or more) · Pregnant women who smoke

Nicotine replacement therapy may leads to higher biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37 [1.08, 1.74]
9 studies · 2336 participants
Low

Nicotine replacement therapy vs control

Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke

Nicotine replacement therapy showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 99.73
7 studies · 2202 participants
Low

Nicotine replacement therapy vs control

Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · Pregnant women who smoke

Nicotine replacement therapy showed no clear difference in miscarriage and spontaneous abortion compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.6 [0.53, 4.83]
5 studies · 1916 participants
Low

Bupropion vs control

Biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in pregnancy (20 weeks' gestation or more) · Pregnant women who smoke

Bupropion showed no clear difference in biochemically validated smoking cessation at the latest point in… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.21, 2.64]
2 studies · 76 participants
Low

Bupropion vs control

Mean birthweight · Pregnant women who smoke

Bupropion showed no clear difference in mean birthweight (g) compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 122.64
2 studies · 68 participants
Low

Bupropion vs control

Miscarriage and spontaneous abortion · Pregnant women who smoke

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found