Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Topical TXA may leads to lower minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in secondary interventions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
Systemic TXA probably leads to lower major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).
Systemic TXA showed no clear difference in minor surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether systemic TXA changes unplanned hospitalizations or readmissions compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (very low certainty).
Shock wave lithotripsy probably leads to lower stone‐free rate compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (moderate certainty).
Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to lower serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).
Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to higher secondary procedures compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).
ESWL may leads to lower treatment success rate at 3 months MCID: 5% absolute difference compared with PCNL (low certainty).
ESWL probably leads to higher retreatment rate MCID: 3% absolute difference compared with RIRS (moderate certainty).
ESWL may leads to higher auxiliary procedures rate MCID: 3% absolute difference compared with RIRS (low certainty).