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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

279 questions · 289 findings · 28 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 81 · 28%GRADE not reported 9 · 3.1%Very low 90 · 31.1%Low 67 · 23.2%Moderate 24 · 8.3%High 18 · 6.2%

Paracetamol vs placebo

Serious adverse events: number experiencing 24 weeks · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events: number experiencing 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Patients with acute low‐back pain
2 findings from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Any adverse events Up to 12 weeks' · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in any adverse events Up to 12 weeks' compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Serious adverse events Up to 12 weeks' · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Up to 12 weeks' compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Relief of pain · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (6 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (up to 4 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes need for additional pain relief (up to 4 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Maternal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes maternal adverse events (up to 4 hours and at 6 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs NSAIDs

Relief of pain · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (6 hours) compared with NSAID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs NSAIDs

Maternal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes maternal adverse events (up to 4 hours and at 6 hours) compared with NSAID (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Late paracetamol vs placebo or no intervention

Failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by post‐treatment ECHO) · preterm or low birth weight infants with PDA

Late paracetamol showed no clear difference in failure of PDA closure after first course of treatment (assessed by… compared with placebo/no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review