Quality of life: EQ‐5D (0: dead to 1: best quality of life) · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events: Shoulder complications · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)
1 finding from 1 review
Additional surgery or substantive treatment · adults with minimally displaced or displaced (2‐part or 3‐part) proximal humeral fractures treated non‐surgically (5 trials)
1 finding from 1 review
Cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes cosmetic deformity measured as presence of cubitus varus compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.2 [0.04, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Very low
Functional outcomes · children with displaced fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Treatment failure requiring re‐intervention · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes treatment failure requiring re‐intervention compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
Studies not reported
Very low
Nerve injury · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes nerve injury compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 2.5 [0.5, 12.46]
Studies not reported
Very low
Major complications Pin site infections. · children with displaced fractures
It is very uncertain whether surgical fixation changes major complications Pin site infections. compared with non‐surgical immobilisation (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 4 [0.47, 34.11]
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Impaired function Unable to carry heavy weights or > 10° loss in extension (discomfort when carrying objects) At 12 months · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes impaired function Unable to carry heavy weights or > 10° loss in… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
No or only mild elbow pain Immediate (post aspiration or at an equivalent time) · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain Immediate (post aspiration or at an… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
No or only mild elbow pain At 3 weeks · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain At 3 weeks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
No or only mild elbow pain At 6 weeks · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes no or only mild elbow pain At 6 weeks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse effects of procedure or Aspiration failure · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
'Full' range of motion At 6 weeks · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes 'Full' range of motion At 6 weeks (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
'Full' range of motion At 12 months · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes 'Full' range of motion At 12 months (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse effects (of fracture and management) At 12 months · patients being treated for radial head fractures; subsequent management was non‐surgical
1 finding from 1 review