Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

34 questions · 36 findings · 13 reviews · Gut

No studies found 5 · 13.9%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 12 · 33.3%Low 12 · 33.3%Moderate 7 · 19.4%High 0 · 0%

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term recurrence (maximal · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term recurrence (time‐to‐event outcome) Local recurrence,… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (binary outcome) All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (binary outcome) All‐cause mortality for the… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

Non‐surgical showed no clear difference in long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): chemoradiotherapy… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐surgical vs surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes)

Long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus surgery All‐cause mortality for the duration of · patients with oesophageal cancer

It is very uncertain whether non‐surgical changes long‐term mortality (time‐to‐event outcome): radiotherapy versus… compared with surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer (primary outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection vs pancreaticoduodenectomy

Long‐term mortality · people requiring surgery for chronic pancreatitis

It is very uncertain whether duodenum‐preserving pancreatic resection changes long‐term mortality compared with pancreaticoduodenectomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal atrophy · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor showed no clear difference in number of participants with worsening scores in corporal atrophy compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal metaplasia · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor showed no clear difference in number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse) hyperplasia after treatment · people with pre‐malignant lesions

It is very uncertain whether proton pump inhibitor changes increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse)… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular (focal) hyperplasia, comparing final biopsies with baseline biopsies · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor may leads to higher increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review