Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

99 questions · 101 findings · 24 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 7 · 6.9%GRADE not reported 9 · 8.9%Very low 39 · 38.6%Low 27 · 26.7%Moderate 12 · 11.9%High 7 · 6.9%

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Episodes of urinary incontinence in a 24‐hour period · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 14 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Number of urgency episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

Number of micturition episodes per 24 hours: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder

1 finding from 1 review

Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Quality of sleep · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 708 participants
Moderate

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Insomnia severity – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 63 participants
Very low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

SOL – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 457 participants
Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Total sleep time – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 611 participants
Low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Sleep interruption – immediately post‐treatment · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 457 participants
Very low

Listening to music vs no treatment or treatment

Sleep efficiency · adults with insomnia

1 finding from 1 review

Listening to music for insomnia in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 457 participants
Low

Etilefrine vs placebo

Immediate side effects of treatment (palpitations) · men and boys with SCD and stuttering priapism

It is very uncertain whether etilefrine changes immediate side effects of treatment (palpitations) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.64 [0.62, 4.3]
1 study · 23 participants
Very low

Etilefrine vs placebo

Immediate side effects of treatment (tachycardia) · men and boys with SCD and stuttering priapism

It is very uncertain whether etilefrine changes immediate side effects of treatment (tachycardia) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.18 [0.71, 6.68]
1 study · 23 participants
Very low

Ephedrine vs placebo

Immediate side effects of treatment with 30 mg ephedrine (palpitations) · men and boys with SCD and stuttering priapism

It is very uncertain whether ephedrine changes immediate side effects of treatment with 30 mg ephedrine… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.32, 3.1]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Ephedrine vs placebo

Immediate side effects of treatment (tachycardia) · men and boys with SCD and stuttering priapism

It is very uncertain whether ephedrine changes immediate side effects of treatment with 30 mg ephedrine (tachycardia) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.13, 3.3]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Silboesterol vs placebo

Immediate side effects of treatment · men and boys with SCD and stuttering priapism

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Sildenafil vs placebo

Immediate side effects of treatment · men and boys with SCD and stuttering priapism

1 finding from 1 review

Treatments for priapism in boys and men with sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 13 participants
Low

Manipulation vs exercise

Acute and subacute neck pain Immediate post‐treatment · patients with acute and subacute neck pain

1 finding from 1 review

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 182 participants
Moderate

Azoles vs moderate‐potent corticosteroid/azole combinations

Clinical cure · patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis

It is very uncertain whether azoles changes clinical cure (immediately at end of treatment) Resolution of… compared with moderate‐potent corticosteroid/azole combinations (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical antifungal treatments for tinea cruris and tinea corporis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.67 [0.53, 0.84]
4 studies · 353 participants
Very low

IMMEDIATE initiation of cART vs DEFERRED initiation of cART

Death · HIV‐positive, treatment‐naive children aged one to 12 years old

It is very uncertain whether IMMEDIATE initiation of cART changes death compared with DEFERRED initiation of cART (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Optimal time for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV‐infected, treatment‐naive children aged 2 to 5 years old 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3 [0.12, 73.06]
2 studies · 343 participants
Very low