Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

80 questions · 95 findings · 22 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 67 · 70.5%Low 16 · 16.8%Moderate 6 · 6.3%High 6 · 6.3%

Intervention not reported

Functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different scales: mBI (range 0 to 20), BI (range 0 to 100), FIM (range 18 to 126), NEADL (range 0 to 66). A higher score indicates better functioning. · adults following hip fracture surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes functioningi ‐ overall analysis Using different scales: mBI (range 0… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

HRQoL Using EQ‐5D (range 0 to 1) and HOOS (range 0 to 100). A higher score indicates better quality of life. · adults following hip fracture surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes HRQoL Using EQ‐5D (range 0 to 1) and HOOS (range 0 to 100). A higher… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mobility scales, using different mobility scales: MILA (range 0 to 36), EMS (range 0 to 20), BBS (range 0 to 56), PPME (range 0 to 12), Koval (range 1 to 7). Higher values indicate better mobility (except MILA and Koval, where scale was inverted f... · adults following hip fracture surgery

The intervention probably leads to higher mobility scales, using different mobility scales: MILA (range 0 to… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Total hip arthroplasty vs hemiarthroplasty

Functional status, early (within 4 months): using HHS (range from 0 to 100) and Johansen hip score (range from 0 to 100); higher scores indicate better function · adults with displaced and undisplaced hip fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Cemented vs uncemented hemiarthroplasty

Functional status, early (within 4 months): using HHS (range from 0 to 100) and Johansen hip score (range from 0 to 100); higher scores indicate better function · adults with displaced and undisplaced hip fractures
1 finding from 1 review

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs (Optimised) usual care

'Poor outcome' (dead or moved to higher level of care or unable to walk) · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation changes 'Poor outcome' (dead or moved to higher level of care or unable to… compared with usual care: mainly (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation vs (Optimised) usual care

Permanent move to higher level of care (hostel, nursing home, sheltered housing) · Older people undergoing hip fracture aftercare

It is very uncertain whether supported discharge and multidisciplinary home rehabilitation changes permanent move to higher level of care (hostel, nursing home,… compared with usual care: mainly (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ short‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

Local steroid injection showed no clear difference in heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ short‐term compared with placebo or no treatment control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ medium‐term · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

Local steroid injection showed no clear difference in heel pain: VAS 0 to 100 (higher scores = worse pain) ‐ medium‐term compared with placebo or no treatment control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Local corticosteroid injection (LCI) vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Function: medium‐term FFI (0 to 100: higher scores = worse function) FHSQ (0 to 100: higher scores = better function · Adults with plantar heel pain¹

It is very uncertain whether local steroid injection changes function: medium‐term FFI (0 to 100: higher scores = worse function)… compared with placebo or no treatment control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review