Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

38 questions · 40 findings · 8 reviews

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No studies found 14 · 35%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 13 · 32.5%Low 7 · 17.5%Moderate 4 · 10%High 2 · 5%

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions showed no clear difference in risk of relapse (as defined by study authors) (HR) compared with continuation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.89 [0.66, 1.19]
3 studies · 690 participants
Low

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Withdrawal symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Adverse events · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 690 participants
Very low

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Depressive symptoms · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 484 participants
Low

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Anxiety · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Quality of life · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 455 participants
Very low

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

Social and occupational functioning · participants with long‐term antidepressants for depressive disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

High‐intensity pain with lidocaine admixture Pain scales · Adult participants receiving propofol for induction of anaesthesia

The intervention leads to lower high‐intensity pain with lidocaine admixture Pain scales (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.19 [0.15, 0.25]
31 studies · 4927 participants
High

Intervention not reported

High‐intensity pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales · Adult participants receiving propofol for induction of anaesthesia

The intervention leads to lower high‐intensity pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.13 [0.1, 0.18]
41 studies · 3918 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Pain (at study completion) WOMAC (VAS or NRS) from 0 to 20; lower scores mean reduced pain · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 313 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Physical function (at study completion) WOMAC (self administered health status measure) from 0 to 68; lower scores mean better function · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 310 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quality of life (at study completion) EuroQol (VAS) from 0 to 200 mm; higher score means better function · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 214 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects (related to the exercise programs) · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse effects (related to the exercise programs) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1.72 [0.51, 5.81]
4 studies · 364 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Severe adverse events or withdrawals (due to adverse events) ‐ not reported · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance

Pain ‐ duration exercise WOMAC (VAS or Likert) from 0 to 20 · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 200 participants
Very low

Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance

Pain ‐ resistance exercise WOMAC (VAS or Likert) from 0 to 20 · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 113 participants
Very low

Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance

Function ‐ duration exercise WOMAC from 0 to 68 · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 200 participants
Very low

Subgroup analysis: Exercise duration vs resistance

Function ‐ resistance exercise WOMAC from 0 to 68 · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 113 participants
Low