What do systematic reviews say?

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions vs usual care or attention control

Assistive technology for vision improvement interventions showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with usual care or attention control (low certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.79, 1.5]
  3 studies · 1489 participants
  Low

Psychological therapy vs control intervention

Psychological therapy showed no clear difference in improvement in pain scores—Integrated approach (somatic,… compared with control interventions (low certainty).

• Non‐surgical interventions for the management of chronic pelvic pain 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 1.52 [0.71, 3.27]
  106 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2880 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 8005 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1401 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 218 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 307 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 746 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 2936 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Family and carer smoking control programmes for reducing children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 100 participants
  Very low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction probably leads to lower rate of falls (falls per person‐years) compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Rate ratio 0.74 [0.61, 0.91]
  12 studies · 5293 participants
  Moderate

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction probably leads to lower number of people who experienced 1 or more falls compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.82, 0.97]
  12 studies · 5253 participants
  Moderate

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

It is very uncertain whether home fall‐hazard reduction changes number of people who experienced 1 or more fall‐related fractures compared with control (e.g. usual care) (very low certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.98, 1.02]
  2 studies · 1668 participants
  Very low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction showed no clear difference in number of people who experienced 1 or more falls that resulted in… compared with control (e.g. usual care) (low certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.87, 1.06]
  3 studies · 325 participants
  Low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  0.91 [0.58, 1.43]
  3 studies · 946 participants
  Low

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

Home fall‐hazard reduction showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life SMD was calculated from 4 studies… compared with control (e.g. usual care) (moderate certainty).

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.09
  6 studies · 1848 participants
  Moderate

Home fall‐hazard reduction vs control (e.g. usual activities)

• Environmental interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 73 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in physical activity at 6 months (low certainty).

• Environmental and behavioural interventions for reducing physical activity limitation and preventing falls in older… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 321
  1 study · 28 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower fall measures (low certainty).

• Environmental and behavioural interventions for reducing physical activity limitation and preventing falls in older… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76
  1 study · 28 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in fear of falling scores at 6 months Assessed by Short Falls Efficacy… (low certainty).

• Environmental and behavioural interventions for reducing physical activity limitation and preventing falls in older… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 2.55
  1 study · 28 participants
  Low