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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

203 questions · 208 findings · 26 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 3 · 1.4%GRADE not reported 23 · 11.1%Very low 59 · 28.4%Low 107 · 51.4%Moderate 12 · 5.8%High 4 · 1.9%

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

All‐cause mortality · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Bacterial sepsis · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower bacterial sepsis compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Fungal Infection · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower fungal Infection compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Chronic lung disease · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes chronic lung disease compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis available] · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… may leads to lower any late‐onset sepsis ‐ All infants [Data on only confirmed sepsis… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with probiotics vs placebo

NEC ≥ stage II · prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether lactoferrin supplementation with enteral feeds in combination with… changes NEC ≥ stage II compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in severe IVH (grade 3 or 4) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Any late‐onset sepsis ‐ all infants · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in late‐onset sepsis (> 72 hours of age) compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Necrotizing enterocolitis (suspected or proven) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in suspected or proven NEC compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP or death before determination of ROP outcome using the… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

Type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in type 1 ROP including adjudicated ROP outcome compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review