Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

41 questions · 42 findings · 4 reviews · Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems

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No studies found 14 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 4 · 9.5%Very low 8 · 19%Low 11 · 26.2%Moderate 5 · 11.9%High 0 · 0%

Dietary behavior change interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Adverse effects (not measured) · children aged 7 to 18 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's percentage of total energy intake from saturated fat Measured by food frequency questionnaire and 24‐hour recall · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 216 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's sodium intake (mg/d) Measured by 24‐hour recall · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 315 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's fruit and vegetable intake (servings/d) Measured by food frequency questionnaire · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 134 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's SSB intake (SSB drinks/d, soft drink glasses/d and regular soda servings/d) Measured by questionnaires · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 651 participants
Moderate

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Physical activity · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 573 participants
Low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's MVPA (min/d) Measured by questionnaire · children aged 4 to 14 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 622 participants
Very low

Combined dietary and physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Adverse effects (not reported by intervention arm) · children aged 4 to 14 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's fruit and vegetable intake (not measured) · children aged 3 to 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's SSB intake (not measured) · children aged 3 to 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Physical activity · children aged 3 to 11 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Time in MVPA · children aged 3 to 11 years

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Moderate

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Adverse effects (not measured) · children aged 3 to 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's percentage of total energy intake from saturated fat Measured by food frequency questionnaire and 24‐hour recall · children aged 3 to 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Physical activity interventions with a caregiver component vs interventions without a caregiver component

Children's sodium intake (not measured) · children aged 3 to 11 years

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Caregiver involvement in interventions for improving children's dietary intake and physical activity behaviors 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Pain frequency or change in pain frequency · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 523 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 575 participants
Low

Probiotics vs placebo

Relief of pain · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Different… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.63 [1.07, 2.47]
7 studies · 722 participants
Moderate
Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.94 [1.1, 3.43]
2 studies · 224 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs placebo

Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.01 [1.77, 5.13]
4 studies · 344 participants
Moderate

Fibre vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain in childhood 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 135 participants
Low