Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

137 questions · 143 findings · 9 reviews

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No studies found 15 · 10.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 25 · 17.5%Low 75 · 52.4%Moderate 28 · 19.6%High 0 · 0%

Cyclophosphamide vs methylprednisolone

Seizures · patients with neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus

It is very uncertain whether cyclophosphamide changes seizures compared with methylprednisolone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for treating neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.57 [0.92, 7.14]
1 study · 11 participants
Very low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Complete remission (no further aphthous episodes to 6 months) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: complete remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.96]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Treatment response at 6 months: partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.14, 5.79]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Complete or partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 6 months: complete or partial remission compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.68, 1.74]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Treatment response at 18 months ‐ Sustained remission/steroid sensitive relapses Clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: sustained… compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.13 [0.65, 1.96]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Treatment response at 18 months ‐ CKD clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in treatment response at 18 months: CKD compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.06, 13.35]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Adverse events: hypertension · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide may leads to lower adverse events: hypertension compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.04 [0, 0.68]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

IV cyclophosphamide vs IV dexamethasone and oral cyclophosphamide

Adverse effects ‐ Bacterial infection clinical assessment · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

IV cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events: bacterial infections compared with oral cyclophosphamide plus IV dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.27, 1.63]
1 study · 49 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in dialysis at end of study compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.9 [0.92, 3.91]
4 studies · 245 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Remission · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in remission at 6 months compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.13]
2 studies · 176 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Recurrence of hyperthyroidism (relapse) [measured by serum thyroid hormone levels above the normal range after withdrawal of methimazole or end of radioiodine treatment] · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide may leads to higher relapse at the end of compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.79 [1.11, 2.87]
4 studies · 235 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Adverse events ‐ treatment failure · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ treatment failure compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.115, 12.56]
2 studies · 82 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Serious infections · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in serious infections compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.38, 1.33]
4 studies · 278 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Death at final · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in death at final compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.44, 1.32]
4 studies · 278 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) · adults with renal vasculitis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 52 participants
Low

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Relapse · SSNS in children

Cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in relapse at 12 months compared with chlorambucil (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.69, 1.94]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Clinical relapse · SSNS in children

Cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in relapse at 24 months compared with chlorambucil (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.31 [0.8, 2.13]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Frequent relapses · SSNS in children

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil

Adverse effects: lymphopenia · SSNS in children

Cyclophosphamide may leads to lower adverse effects: lymphopenia compared with chlorambucil (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.87]
1 study · 50 participants
Low