What do systematic reviews say?

Non‐nutritive sucking (NNS) vs no NNS

• Non‐nutritive sucking for increasing physiologic stability and nutrition in preterm infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 303 participants
  Low

Kangaroo mother care vs conventional neonatal care

Kangaroo mother care probably leads to higher any breastfeeding at discharge or at 40 to 41 weeks' postmenstrual… compared with conventional neonatal care (moderate certainty).

• Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [1.07, 1.34]
  10 studies · 1696 participants
  Moderate

Kangaroo mother care vs conventional neonatal care

Kangaroo mother care may leads to higher any breastfeeding at 1 to 3 months' compared with conventional neonatal care (low certainty).

• Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [1.05, 1.31]
  9 studies · 1394 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  957 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes not breastfeeding at six months (very low certainty).

• Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.95]
  803 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower not fully breastfeeding at hospital discharge (low certainty).

• Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.52, 0.71]
  893 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Cup feeding versus other forms of supplemental enteral feeding for newborn infants unable to fully breastfeed 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  803 participants
  Very low

Transfer from incubator to cot at lower vs higher body weight

Transfer from incubator to cot at lower showed no clear difference in proportion of infants exclusive breastfeeding at discharge compared with higher body weight (high certainty).

• Transfer of preterm infants from incubator to open cot at lower versus higher body weight 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.81, 1.24]
  2 studies · 276 participants
  High

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs breastfeeding

• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Sucrose (any concentration, any dose) vs breastfeeding

• Sucrose analgesia for heel‐lance procedures in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 291 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 224 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 336 participants
  Low

Summary of findings ‐ Supplemental breast milk vs control

• Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1283 participants
  Moderate