Intervention not reported
Beta‐blockers plus nitrates(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding
The intervention showed no clear difference in beta‐blockers plus nitrates(No direct RCT) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 2.13 [0.79, 5.86]
Studies not reported
Low
Intervention not reported
Beta‐blockers(1 RCT; 65 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding
The intervention may leads to higher beta‐blockers(1 RCT; 65 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Beta‐blockers plus Sclerotherapy(8 RCTs; 370 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding
The intervention showed no clear difference in beta‐blockers plus Sclerotherapy(8 RCTs; 370 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 0.69 [0.43, 1.09]
Studies not reported
Low
Intervention not reported
Beta‐blockers plus Nitrates(No direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis and previous oesophageal variceal bleeding
The intervention showed no clear difference in beta‐blockers plus Nitrates(No direct RCT) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 0.91 [0.53, 1.58]
Studies not reported
Low
All‐cause mortality · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
Carvedilol showed no clear difference in mortality compared with traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
It is very uncertain whether carvedilol changes upper gastrointestinal bleeding compared with traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
Carvedilol showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐serious adverse events · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
It is very uncertain whether carvedilol changes non‐serious adverse events compared with traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hepatic venous pressure gradient at end of treatment (mmHg) · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in hepatic venous pressure gradient (%) · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
1 finding from 1 review
Haemodynamic treatment failure · adults with cirrhosis and gastroesophageal varices
It is very uncertain whether carvedilol changes haemodynamic treatment failure compared with traditional, non‐selective beta‐blockers (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review