Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

135 questions · 141 findings · 17 reviews · Skin

No studies found 17 · 12.1%GRADE not reported 14 · 9.9%Very low 14 · 9.9%Low 54 · 38.3%Moderate 30 · 21.3%High 12 · 8.5%

Benzoyl peroxide vs clindamycin

Participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) · participants with acne

Benzoyl peroxide showed no clear difference in participant's global self‐assessment of improvement (long‐term data) compared with clindamycin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs adapalene

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether azelaic acid changes participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Improved to… compared with adapalene (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to… compared with tretinoin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs pyruvic acid

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to excellent improvement (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to 8 weeks) · participants with acne

It is very uncertain whether salicylic acid changes participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to… compared with pyruvic acid (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Salicylic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to… compared with tretinoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glycolic acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) vs salicylic‐mandelic acid

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Fair to good improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Glycolic acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Fair to… compared with salicylic‐mandelic acid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs benzoyl peroxide

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or very good improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid probably leads to lower participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or… compared with benzoyl peroxide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs clindamycin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or very good improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good or… compared with clindamycin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

HSS (hypersensitivity) reaction including SJS/TEN (clinically diagnosed) (6 weeks clinical assessment) · patients with HIV‐1 infection and a pre‐established clinical need for treatment with an antiretroviral drug regimen containing abacavir…

The intervention probably leads to lower HSS (hypersensitivity) reaction including SJS/TEN (clinically… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

HSS reaction including SJS/TEN (immunologically confirmed) (6 weeks clinical assessment) · patients with HIV‐1 infection and a pre‐established clinical need for treatment with an antiretroviral drug regimen containing abacavir…

The intervention probably leads to lower HSS reaction including SJS/TEN (immunologically confirmed) (6 weeks… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous soya oil‐derived (n‐6) fatty acid‐based lipid emulsion vs intravenous fish oil‐derived (n‐3) fatty acid‐based lipid emulsion

Improvement in participant satisfaction measures and quality of life assessment measures Overall subjective score on 5 items (appearance of lesions, impairment of daily life, pruritus, burning, and pain) reported through figures · guttate psoriasis
1 finding from 1 review

MAL‐PDT vs red light only

Investigator's global assessment (IGA) of improvement Treatment 'success' as defined by IGA score decrease5 · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris

MAL‐PDT probably leads to higher investigator's global assessment (IGA) of improvement Treatment… compared with red light only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review
  • Light therapies for acne 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    RR 1.74 [1.11, 2.74]
    3 studies · 360 participants
    Moderate

ALA‐PDT vs blue light only

Participant's global assessment of improvement Non‐standardised scale5 · Moderate and severe acne vulgaris

ALA‐PDT showed no clear difference in participant's global assessment of improvement Non‐standardised scale5 compared with blue light only (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review